预应力混凝土箱梁损伤后剩余承载力计算及变化规律研究

目前对在役桥梁进行技术状况评定时,往往需采用荷载试验的方法来反映桥梁结构实际损伤所产生的性能退化。然而,荷载试验方法存在费用高、耗时长等问题,进行荷载试验代价巨大,且对于存在损伤的结构具有一定的风险。因此,基于对一新建跨径30 m预制预应力混凝土箱梁进行的足尺模型试验结果,构造定义了2种不同的刚度损伤折减系数,结合规范给出的开裂构件抗弯刚度计算公式,提出基于刚度损伤折减系数计算构件实际剩余承载力的计算公式。结果表明：2种方法定义得到的抗弯刚度折减系数的变化趋势基本一致,箱梁在出现损伤后的刚度折减效应明显,从箱梁出现开裂损伤到承载能力极限状态刚度折减约40%,相邻两截面的刚度折减可近似呈线性分布;基于刚度损伤折减系数计算的剩余承载力与试验值的偏差都在5%以下;结合刚度折减系数沿箱梁纵向的分布规律,可计算得出在跨中截面出现损伤后,沿箱梁纵向各截面实际剩余承载力的分布规律。提出的基于刚度损伤折减系数计算实际剩余承载力的方法,可通过结构外观检查结果实现对带有损伤的预应力混凝土箱梁实际剩余承载力的准确计算,该方法简便可行、费用低廉,同时也可为出现损伤的在役桥梁技术状况评定及剩余承载力计算提供一定的借鉴。     

电力机车主变压器的三维漏磁场和脉冲短路电磁力的计算

文章基于边单元法,对某电力机车主变压器在脉冲短路电流条件下的三维漏磁场进行了分析,并获得脉冲短路电流条件下各绕组径向和轴向磁感应强度的分布情况;在此基础上,根据毕奥-沙瓦定律的微、积分表达式,提出了一种基于有限元的简单有效的绕组电磁力计算方法,且可以计算出各分段绕组的受力情况。     

海上半浮体漂移轨迹研究

通过水上半浮体漂移过程的模拟研究,总结出一种循其轨迹,寻其“源头”的模拟计算方法。首先分析外海流系,沿岸流系,风海流、潮流,并以数学方程式描述之,然后作半浮体漂移的推算,最后以实例验证。本研究可给海事查证工作作参考。     

行政裁决:地方政府的制度推力

在统计时间内有效的行政裁决制度共有16项,分布在自然资源和环境、知识产权以及民间纠纷三大领域,均为中央政府的法律、行政法规和部门规章所设定.但行政裁决设定的领域范围在逐步退缩,已设定的行政裁决被纷纷废止,新的法律更倾向规定调解或仲裁.行政裁决实施性规定多集中于与土地有关的行政裁决,其中绝大多数系由地方政府所制定.地方政府不仅做出了细密规定,而且纷纷制定了专门性规定.但在矿权、环境、知识产权和民间纠纷领域,地方政府并未充分发挥出细化法律、行政法规和部门规章中行政裁决条款的作用,更没有制定专门的行政裁决规定.有关行政裁决的行政规范性文件高度集中于征地补偿裁决、拆迁补偿裁决和林地权属裁决.其中,林地权属裁决的中央行政规范性文件较多,征地补偿裁决和拆迁补偿裁决的地方行政规范性文件较多.这些行政规范性文件的内容,集中在纠纷的化解而非行政裁决制度本身.从行政裁决引发的诉讼案件反观行政裁决制度,征地补偿裁决、拆迁补偿裁决和林地权属裁决都在运行,其他行政裁决制度都没有运行.其中,拆迁补偿裁决的运行异常活跃,征地补偿裁决的运行却极为低迷.统计发现的耦合是:凡地方政府对行政裁决制定了专门性实施规定的,行政裁决制度都在运行,否则都已停滞；地方行政规范性文件被用作行政裁决依据的多少,与该行政裁决的活跃程度成正比.当然,上述发现的证成或证伪,有待于另一项研究.     

Connectivity analysis of the global shipping network by eigenvalue decomposition

ABSTRACT

Maritime shipping necessitates flexible and cost-effective port access worldwide through the global shipping network. This paper presents an efficient method to identify major port communities, and analyses the network connectivity of the global shipping network based on community structure. The global shipping network is represented by a signless Laplacian matrix which can be decomposed to generate its eigenvectors and corresponding eigenvalues. The largest gaps between the eigenvalues were then used to determine the optimal number of communities within the network. The eigenvalue decomposition method offers the advantage of detecting port communities without relying on a priori assumption about the number of communities and the size of each community. By applying this method to a dataset collected from seven world leading liner shipping companies, we found that the ports are clustered into three communities in the global container shipping network, which is consistent with the major container trade routes. The sparse linkages between port communities indicate where access is relatively poor.     

Career development for women in maritime industry: organisation and socialisation perspectives

For centuries, the maritime industry has been a recognised place in society dominated solely by men, and even though there were women involved, they were mostly on the periphery. This research aims to fill the gap of women’s career development in this field, by investigating the relationships among the degree of organisational socialisation, women’s workplace culture, and the career development of women in the maritime workplace. The analyses are conducted with the structural equation model with 202 valid questionnaires. The results indicated that women’s workplace culture has a significantly negative relationship with the degree of organisational socialisation, and then in turn, it has a significantly positive relationship with women’s career development in the maritime industry. Finally, the results also indicate that the mediating effect of organisational socialisation existed between women’s workplace culture and women’s career development. According to the empirical analysis, this study makes conclusions as well as suggestions for the maritime enterprises as the reference for human resource management.     

基于多元回归方法的海洋执法船主尺度分析

为分析海洋执法船主尺度之间的变化规律,对海洋执法船的发展趋势进行了介绍,并对其相关船型数据资料进行整理分析。采用多元回归的数学方法,建立了基于多变量的海洋执法船主尺度数学模型,有利于对海洋执法船主尺度的变化规律进行分析与掌握,为海洋执法船的报价设计与初步设计提供一定的科学依据。     

无人船在港口水域海事监管中的应用探讨

近年来,随着与船舶自主航行相关的信息技术、人工智能技术水平的提高,无人船舶行业取得了长足的发展,其在海上安保、环境监测等领域应用也越来越成熟。为推动无人船在海事管理方面的应用研究,破解港口水域海事监管手段不足的瓶颈问题,文中在分析港口水域海事监管特点和无人船系统建设条件的基础上,定量研究了无人船在港口水域海事监管应用面临的性能指标确定、船型平台选择、载荷设备搭配、运行管理体系建设等方面的具体问题,提出了一种港口水域海事监管无人船系统的应用解决方案。     

Evaluating the knowledge of experts in the maritime regulatory field

Regulations are introduced by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) into the maritime industry as the result of safety accidents and/or pollution incidents. When there is lack of historical data, then the IMO appoints experts in order to collect information regarding the costs and benefits generated to a stakeholder of the maritime industry once implementing a maritime regulation. Therefore, the role of experts in providing qualitative and quantitative information is crucial with respect to the quality of the maritime regulatory process within the IMO or other regulatory authorities. In this article, a methodology is proposed involving common criteria in determining the expertise of an individual in the maritime regulatory field. As essential part of the research methodology, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is utilized to determine the expertise of an individual based on his/her own judgements. The regulatory authorities and other stakeholders of the maritime industry may use this method when selecting experts for decision-making. In this article, a simulation is carried showing the potentials of the AHP methodology in expertise evaluation followed by a case study.     

中越界河海事执法行为的风险规避

文中通过介绍中越边境河流——北仑河海事现场执法风险，分析执法风险存在的原因、表现形式，结合实际工作体会，探讨界河基层海事执法的风险防范