谈借助司法强制手段完善水上交通安全监管

文中就基层海事部门在日常执法中遇到的一些难题，如何借助司法强制手段来完善水上交通安全监管及此举的必要性、应注意的事项和相关规定要求进行了探讨。     

An analysis and comparison of multinational officers of the watch in the global maritime labor market

ABSTRACT

Officer of the watch (OOW) is an important part of the maritime labor market. For many years, countries have been improving their development of OOWs for the maritime market, in terms of both quantity and quality. As the supply of qualified OOWs for maritime transportation is such an important issue, shipping companies recruit multinational OOWs for both economic and socio-cultural reasons. This study aims to identify the qualifications of an ideal officer that holds office on commercial ships, and to make a comparison among Filipino, Chinese, Indian, Eastern European and Turkish OOWs. The research takes into account expert opinions of a number of shipping companies that employ multinational seafarers. A Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) technique is applied in this study to assist in the comparison of officers. A number of main and sub-criteria are outlined to determine both positive and negative aspects of OOWs from the selected countries for decision making purposes. This study allows maritime countries to evaluate their maritime education and training policies for selection and assessment of OOWs.     

中国环境法治失灵的因素分析——析执政因素对我国环境法治的影响

尽管三十年来环境法治不断强化,但中国的环境质量状况总体上却在呈恶化趋势。本文通过对影响中国环境法治的内部因素的分析,发现环境立法存在的问题在于环保法律既无大错也无大用;环境行政存在的问题在于环保部门执法权力受制于地方党政与经济主管部门以及统一监管体制的缺陷;环境司法存在的问题在于对环境执法的支持性不足和对污染被害者的救济不利。而上述所有问题的根源,则与为环境法治实施提供体制和机制保障的外部的执政因素即执政方式以及公权力运行体制和机制的安排密切相关。     

港口工程老化病害规律研究

分析了港口工程老化病害的阶段性特征和老化病害的演变关系,总结了港口工程老化病害规律。为加强对港口工程进行科学的运行管理、开展合理的维修养护、适时进行加固和改造等提供参考。     

中国法律中的“公布”概念及其法律性缺陷

《中华人民共和国立法法》中,公布与刊登是作为完全不同的概念来使用的。即,《中华人民共和国立法法》第52条所说的公布这个概念不是通常所说的广泛告知大众之意,而分明是作为法律的确定这个概念来使用的,是经由国家主席发起的法律行为。但是,中国社会中所说的公布一般通指广泛告知大众之意,所以公布的法律概念和社会通用概念之间相互混淆。这也导致在实际适用中国法律时产生问题。本论文认为,可以写入类似俄罗斯宪法中未公开发布的法律不发生法律效力的条款,或者单独制定《有关法律生效的法律》。此外,也建议在中国的《立法法》中加入公开发布或刊登的条款,规定法律经国家主席签署公布后,在特定期间内的特定公报上刊登。     

直流调速系统稳定边界法PID校正的设计与仿真

本文探索了采用稳定边界法的思想去仿真设计直流调速系统PID调节器，通过具体的仿真实例，说明在控制系统的性能不能满足系统需要时，需设置PID调节器，运用稳定边界法较好解决了PID调节器的三个参数Kp、Ti与Td的整定问题。     

Missing the tide? Workplace cultural differences as a barrier to seafarer mobility in the U.S. workboat and sail training sectors

ABSTRACT

While previous research details the psychological and social benefits of sail training programs for amateur ‘trainees,’ much less is known about the value and transferability of sail training work experience in terms of professional development for seafaring careers. This article reviews the current state of scientific knowledge on sail training and presents the findings of a qualitative study of maritime recruiter perceptions at 10 U.S. flag workboat companies. Results suggest that the maritime industry may benefit from an improved understanding of the role that sail training programs and the sail training community can play in training and inspiring the next generation of motivated and professional seafarers. Workboat recruiters see positive and negative aspects of sail training experience and perceive cultural divides within the maritime industry that may affect a seafarers’ job mobility, whether or not such divides actually exist.     

The limited scope of seaborne cargo liability regime: new political–economic environments in the 21st century

ABSTRACT

Since the 1920s, seaborne cargo liability regimes have introduced a small number of mandatory rules into international carriage of goods by sea, through the Hague–Visby Rules, to restrict freedom of contract. These rules worked within a limited scope to offset imperfect competition in the shipping markets. However, the recent Hamburg and Rotterdam Rules attempted to extend this scope of seaborne cargo liability regime, which seems to be more extensive than is desirable. This article compares and examines the shipping sub-sectors’ environment and maritime economics over the past century up to date. The new business patterns of the shipping sub-sectors, the rising influence of developing countries, and the containerisation are creating new shipping environments for this area of law. Compared with previous decades, imperfect competition is only found in a smaller number of areas within the shipping markets nowadays. This article argues that only a limited scope of application is needed for international seaborne cargo liability regime. Thus, these new economic and political realities call for innovative modifications to the recent rules regarding the scope of application, and future regime should refocus international uniformity on a limited scope.     

基于粗糙集理论的开航安全性评价结果分析

为找出适宜对船舶开航安全性进行评价的方法,确保船舶航行安全,基于模糊评价方法、概率影响图评价方法和反向传播算法(BP)神经网络评价方法对船舶开航安全性的评价结果,利用粗糙集理论对其进行了数据挖掘,得出了影响开航安全性的船舶要素重要度排序.通过对结果分析与验证,发现模糊评价方法和概率影响图方法较适宜于船舶开航安全性评价.研究结论可为船长、船公司及海事监督部门的船舶开航安全管理提供参考依据.     

桶式基础结构土压力分布规律

桶式基础结构是一种轻型结构,适用于承载力低的淤泥质地基,其稳定计算依靠桶体与土共同作用抵抗外荷载,因此土压力是桶式基础结构稳定计算的核心内容,其分布规律和大小对计算结果起到控制作用。通过模型试验结果验证了有限元模型参数取值的合理性,从而采用有限元数值模拟的方法,探讨了波浪荷载和回填荷载作用下,不同土层产生的主被动土压力分布规律,得到位移形式对土压力大小的影响、不同土层之间相互作用引起土压力分布形态的变化、理论公式的修正系数以及施工顺序对土压力分布形态的影响。研究成果明确了不同荷载作用和土层分布对土压力的影响规律,修正了主被动土压力的传统计算公式,为桶式基础结构稳定计算奠定了一定的基础。