基于D-P系列屈服准则的隧道开挖效应研究

为选用合适的D-P准则以获取理想的计算结果,对不同D-P系列屈服准则进行比较系统及深入的研究,论证准则转换强度折减的本质。以梅大高速圣人山隧道为背景,采用现场监测和数值模拟相结合的方法,分析各分区岩体稳定性状态随开挖过程的演化规律。结果表明： 1）隧道拱底区应力调整最为强烈,拱顶次之,侧壁最弱; 拱顶区围岩经历了压剪、拉剪、压剪循环破坏过程; 侧壁区围岩以压剪破坏为主,其压剪松动区形态呈“侧耳形”; 拱底区各点在掌子面通过目标截面后一直处于三向受拉状态。2）选用不同的屈服准则对θσ计算结果影响不大,但对应力计算结果影响较大,计算中同时考虑围岩关键部位受力状态进而采取合适的D-P准则很有必要。     

论海洋强国视野下海洋民族精神的培育

海洋民族精神是承载海洋强国别无选择的坚实基石,是中华民族面对历史抉择时意志、精神的集中体现.本文从海洋民族精神形成的现实基础,海洋强国建设需要具有海洋战略高度的海洋民族精神,海洋民族精神的时代内涵等3个方面论述了中国走向海洋、维护海洋,需要培育与海洋强国建设相适应的、能振兴民族复兴的海洋精神和海洋气质.     

高速公路暴风雪实时预警级别判别

通过分析暴风雪天气对交通的影响,建立暴风雪预警体系,将暴风雪预警分为灾前和灾时预警两个连续过程。其中灾时预警采用显式预警方法,选取降雪量与其对高速公路交通的影响,依据Fisher判别法则建立暴风雪预警级别判别模型,并提出暴风雪实时预警级别判别评价方法。通过实例验证了暴风雪预警级别判别模型的可靠性,进一步证明该模型可用于高速公路暴风雪预警级别判别,可以为保障暴风雪天气下高速公路安全运营提供技术参考。     

Missing the tide? Workplace cultural differences as a barrier to seafarer mobility in the U.S. workboat and sail training sectors

ABSTRACT

While previous research details the psychological and social benefits of sail training programs for amateur ‘trainees,’ much less is known about the value and transferability of sail training work experience in terms of professional development for seafaring careers. This article reviews the current state of scientific knowledge on sail training and presents the findings of a qualitative study of maritime recruiter perceptions at 10 U.S. flag workboat companies. Results suggest that the maritime industry may benefit from an improved understanding of the role that sail training programs and the sail training community can play in training and inspiring the next generation of motivated and professional seafarers. Workboat recruiters see positive and negative aspects of sail training experience and perceive cultural divides within the maritime industry that may affect a seafarers’ job mobility, whether or not such divides actually exist.     

The limited scope of seaborne cargo liability regime: new political–economic environments in the 21st century

ABSTRACT

Since the 1920s, seaborne cargo liability regimes have introduced a small number of mandatory rules into international carriage of goods by sea, through the Hague–Visby Rules, to restrict freedom of contract. These rules worked within a limited scope to offset imperfect competition in the shipping markets. However, the recent Hamburg and Rotterdam Rules attempted to extend this scope of seaborne cargo liability regime, which seems to be more extensive than is desirable. This article compares and examines the shipping sub-sectors’ environment and maritime economics over the past century up to date. The new business patterns of the shipping sub-sectors, the rising influence of developing countries, and the containerisation are creating new shipping environments for this area of law. Compared with previous decades, imperfect competition is only found in a smaller number of areas within the shipping markets nowadays. This article argues that only a limited scope of application is needed for international seaborne cargo liability regime. Thus, these new economic and political realities call for innovative modifications to the recent rules regarding the scope of application, and future regime should refocus international uniformity on a limited scope.     

永磁同步电机调速系统新型滑模变结构控制策略

为解决在永磁同步电机矢量控制系统转速环环节应用传统PI控制时抗干扰能力和控制精度不足的问题,在传统滑模指数趋近律基础上进行改进,将滑模面作为自变量,引入双曲正切函数设计了一种新型变边界层饱和函数代替传统的符号函数,在提高系统响应性的同时削弱了抖振.针对系统参数和负载转矩变化引起的扰动会使系统再次产生抖振的问题,引入双曲...     

基于粗糙集理论的开航安全性评价结果分析

为找出适宜对船舶开航安全性进行评价的方法,确保船舶航行安全,基于模糊评价方法、概率影响图评价方法和反向传播算法(BP)神经网络评价方法对船舶开航安全性的评价结果,利用粗糙集理论对其进行了数据挖掘,得出了影响开航安全性的船舶要素重要度排序.通过对结果分析与验证,发现模糊评价方法和概率影响图方法较适宜于船舶开航安全性评价.研究结论可为船长、船公司及海事监督部门的船舶开航安全管理提供参考依据.     

桶式基础结构土压力分布规律

桶式基础结构是一种轻型结构,适用于承载力低的淤泥质地基,其稳定计算依靠桶体与土共同作用抵抗外荷载,因此土压力是桶式基础结构稳定计算的核心内容,其分布规律和大小对计算结果起到控制作用。通过模型试验结果验证了有限元模型参数取值的合理性,从而采用有限元数值模拟的方法,探讨了波浪荷载和回填荷载作用下,不同土层产生的主被动土压力分布规律,得到位移形式对土压力大小的影响、不同土层之间相互作用引起土压力分布形态的变化、理论公式的修正系数以及施工顺序对土压力分布形态的影响。研究成果明确了不同荷载作用和土层分布对土压力的影响规律,修正了主被动土压力的传统计算公式,为桶式基础结构稳定计算奠定了一定的基础。     

变截面预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥0~#块空间应力分析

针对预应力对薄壁箱梁结构0#块剪滞效应影响研究不足的现状,以某变截面预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥为背景工程,基于Midas Civil建立全桥整体模型,并用ANSYS建立该桥0#块实体模型。分析0#块在不同工况下的空间应力状况,揭示0#块的受力特性和应力分布规律,同时分析最大双悬臂状态下预应力对箱梁0#块剪力滞效应的影响,得出预应力对剪力滞效应有抑制作用等结论。     

论公共基础设施建设的土地征用

针对我国公共基础设施建设土地征用现状及法律适用情况,分析我国土地征用的性质及法律缺失,并结合工作实践,介绍吉林省交通建设征地过程中的出现的土地征用问题和解决方法,以期为我国其他公共基础设施建设的土地征用工作提供参考和借鉴.