Point-to-point speed enforcement systems: Speed limits design criteria and analysis of drivers’ compliance

Point-to-point (P2P) speed enforcement is a relatively new approach to traffic law enforcement. Its technology allows vehicles whose average speed exceeds the speed limit over the controlled section to be fined. It therefore encourages compliance over distances longer than those where spot enforcement policies have been in place.In this paper, a procedure for consistently setting speed limits with such enforcement systems is proposed. Such a method has been applied to design the speed limits on two motorways in the district of Naples, Italy, where P2P enforcement systems became operational in 2009 and 2010. The speed limits, which were set using the Italian geometric design standard to assess vehicle stability and stopping sight distance, have been compared with those provided by using well-known international standards.The impact of the newly designed speed limits and of the P2P enforcement system on drivers’ speeding behaviour has been quantified for each highway section and vehicle type. In fact, accurate measurements of the average travel speeds of each vehicle crossing the enforced sections, before and after the activation of the system, were available. The migration from the old speed limits with spot speed enforcement to the new approach resulted in a notable increase in drivers’ compliance to the speed limits with a remarkable decrease in both the average of individual speeds and in their standard deviation.In addition, the analysis of 3 years of data shows that a gradual adaptation of drivers’ behaviour to the system took place. In particular, a decreasing compliance to the speed limits points to a non-optimal system management. Finally, the results of a revealed preference survey allowed us to make a behavioural interpretation regarding the significantly different impacts measured on the two motorways.     

关于构建海上医疗救助制度的探讨

文中通过分析海上医疗救助与海上人命救助的区别,指出建立海上医疗救助制度的意义,并对建立此制度的途径进行了有益的探讨。     

行政法与行政诉讼法教学法探析

“行政法与行政诉讼法学”是一门复杂的有较强理论性但又必须和社会实际相结合的课程。要提高该课程的教学质量,改善教学效果,文中提出了案例教学法、多媒体技术与模拟法庭教学法。     

深圳市交通需求管理政策的法治思考

深圳市制定和实施了若干小汽车交通需求管理政策,完善相关政策的法制保障成为政策实施的关键问题。首先结合深圳市交通需求管理实践经验,梳理小汽车增量调控、停车收费政策的制定与实施情况。指出交通需求管理政策的制定与实施面临经济杠杆存在法理争议、行政手段法律依据不足和程序合法性存疑等法治障碍。进而提出在国家层面构建交通管理法治体系、在地方层面完善法律法规以及规范交通需求管理政策出台程序等完善路径。     

在役港工混凝土强度时变规律

钢筋混凝土构件是港口码头结构中的主要组成部分,研究其构件在服役一段时间后混凝土强度的分布特征以及时变规律具有重要的实际意义。对大量混凝土强度的检测数据进行统计分析,采用W检验法对混凝土强度进行了概率分布类型的拟合检验,验证了采用正态分布的可行性,并给出了采用不同检测方法混凝土强度的参考值;通过统计不同年限混凝土强度的实测值,采用回归分析的方法得到回弹法测得的混凝土强度值与服役年限之间的关系。     

从"天网恢恢,疏而不漏"看法律应最大限度的缩小调整范围

道家学派的代表人物老子的“天网恢恢,疏而不漏”的自然主义法律哲学思想包含着法律应最大限度的缩小调整范围的理念,从法律局限性的角度可以进一步论证这种理念的时代意义。法律的局限性主要表现在法律的调整范围、保守性、法律的制定和经济成本等方面的不足。因此在立法中应适度采用超前立法的原则,在司法中应强调法律的柔性品格,以真正发挥法律的作用。     

海事诉讼协议管辖制度之探讨

依据《民事诉讼法》和《海事诉讼特别程序法》的规定,特定类型的海事纠纷可由当事人协议选择管辖法院.但现行海事诉讼协议管辖制度在案件类型、可协议选择的管辖法院范围、数量、管辖协议形式及默示协议管辖等方面存在着若干问题,应通过修改《民事诉讼法》的方式在我国建立完整、严密的协议管辖制度.     

强夯施工对环境振动的影响分析

利用强夯法加固软弱地基时,其夯击能将以波的形式向外扩散,进而导致周围环境的振动.本文以半无限弹性体理论为基础,考察了瑞利波的径向振动量和竖向振动量沿地基深度的衰减特性,认为竖向振动量是引发环境安全的主要因素;通过现场实测,研究了强夯引起的自由场地地面振动加速度及振动速度随距离的衰减规律,并对隔振沟的隔振效果进行了测试研究.     

《合同法》下海运托运人变更运输合同之权利相关问题探讨

从法律和实务的角度,论述了我国《合同法》生效后,对海运托运人变更运输合同权利义务的影响,探讨了托运人变更运输合同的权利所产生的相关问题。     

海上施工定位方法及精度分析

论述了海上工程定位的方法。从计算方法和精度讨论入手 ,阐述了选取要求及注意事项 ,给出了相应的计算和改正计算公式