Virtual durability test rigs for automotive engineering

In recent years so-called ‘virtual test rigs’ have become more and more important in the development process of cars and trucks. Originally, the idea was to substitute expensive durability tests with computer simulation. Meanwhile, the focus has changed towards a more cooperative usage of numerical and laboratory rig simulation. For many safety critical issues laboratory tests remain indispensable. In early development stages, when no physical prototypes are available yet, numerical simulation is used to analyse and optimise the design. In this paper, we show how to build numerical simulation models of complex servo-hydraulic test systems and their test specimen using multi-body simulation for the mechanics in combination with simulation models for the hydraulics and controls. We illustrate this at two industrial application examples: a spindle-coupled passenger car suspension rig and a tyre-coupled full vehicle rig. We show how the simulation models are used to design and optimise better test rigs and to support the test rig operation by preparing the physical tests with new specimen, i.e. by performing numerical simulations including numerical drive file iteration before the physical tests start.     

Virtual test rig to improve the design and optimisation process of the vehicle steering and suspension systems

A virtual test rig is presented using a three-dimensional model of the elasto-kinematic behaviour of a vehicle. A general approach is put forward to determine the three-dimensional position of the body and the main parameters which influence the handling of the vehicle. For the design process, the variable input data are the longitudinal and lateral acceleration and the curve radius, which are defined by the user as a design goal. For the optimisation process, once the vehicle has been built, the variable input data are the travel of the four struts and the steering wheel angle, which is obtained through monitoring the vehicle. The virtual test rig has been applied to a standard vehicle and the validity of the results has been proven.     

北京地铁附属工程仰挖施工地表沉降研究

地铁车站附属工程高程爬升段受施工工期、地面空间不足、既有接驳等条件制约需采用仰挖法施工。通过数据统计分析仰挖施工沉降规律及影响因素,并通过实际案例进行仰挖与俯挖实测分析和数值分析对比研究探索沉降规律。研究表明：①拱部为砂性土时,87.3%的测点沉降量在3～60 mm之间,拱部为黏性土时,59.2%的测点沉降量在3～30 mm,拱部为卵石层时,测点分布离散;②关于沉降槽宽度,黏性土≈砂性土＞卵石,黏性土与砂性土沉降槽宽度约为出入口或通道宽度的3倍,卵石沉降槽宽度与出入口或通道宽度相近;③仰挖施工最大沉降量比俯挖施工多大约75%,仰挖施工最大沉降发生于爬坡段约1/2处,而俯挖施工最大沉降更接近于埋深最小处。研究结论可用于初步判断仰挖施工沉降量范围、沉降控制最不利部位。     

柴油机船舶推进装置的建模和实时仿真

本文根据准稳态的概念建立了适用于实时仿真的二冲程柴油机船舶推进装置的多阶一性模型。在充分多的试验数据的基础上，结合工作原理建立了各子系统及整个装置的动态模型，这种模型既能反映柴油机内部各参数，精度较高，计算工作量也比较适中。文中提出了一些经验公式，使模拟得以有效地简化。最后，作为实例给出了３５０００吨油船推进装置的实时仿直     

浮式桥式集装箱起重机船岸作业系统效率分析

为完善新近提出的适应斜坡式集装箱码头的浮式桥式集装箱起重机船岸作业系统设想,开发了相 应的计算机动画模拟模型,并应用其辅助系统方案的选择和参数的确定。本文介绍该模拟模型及应用其研究分析 浮式桥式集装箱起重机船岸作业系统作业效率问题的方法和结论。     

基于电子化指挥系统的无线通信的建模与仿真

首先论述了导弹旅电子化指挥系统中无线通信的重要性以及无线通信仿真的必要性，给出了几种典型的无线通信的模型，提出了一种信道仿真实现方法。     

基于HLA的分布式作战仿真系统

介绍分布式作战仿真系统的开发，重点提出了基于HLA技术的系统体系结构，分析在创建系统时的关键技术。     

作战模拟中海战场环境仿真系统的建立

海战场环境仿真是海军作战模拟的重要内容，逼真的战场环境实时仿真是作战模拟的基础，它为保障、分析、作战评估等试验提供了仿真平台。介绍了海战场仿真系统的系统组成，所具有的功能，以及开发的流程，并详细讨论了大地形虚拟场景的实时显示碰撞检测、以及地形跟随等关键问题。     

基于红外搜索系统的被动测距技术研究

红外搜索系统是一种被动探测系统，量测数据中无目标的距离量；而评判来袭目标的威胁程度离不开其距离量。介绍了基于红外搜索系统的被动测距技术测量目标距离的算法、原理框图以及仿真试验与结果。     

虚阴极振荡器的研究进展

虚阴极振荡器是强流相对论电子束源中比较重要的一种微波源，能够产生很高的功率，近年来得到了广泛的重视。简要介绍了虚阴极振荡器的工作原理，综述了虚阴极振荡器的最新发展状况和发展趋势，以及用于虚阴极模拟的PIC方法和未来技术发展，分析了其性能和军事应用，最后评述了他们的发展前景。