用示波器对柴油机喷油系统进行故障检测与诊断

阐述利用示波器对柴油发动机喷油系统压力波形进行检测,并利用检测的压力波形对其故障进行诊断的基本原理和方法。     

小型铣刨机车体升降油缸动态过程的分析

通过对小型铣刨机车体升降系统的简化,建立了液压缸运动速度与流量的传递函数,并且在系统参数静态设计方法的基础上,考虑了系统参数对其动态特性的影响.     

网络条件下高速公路收费费率优化方法研究

以区域公路网为研究对象,在分析高速公路收费费率与交通量之间关系的基础上,建立收费费率优化双层规划模型,兼顾经营者和使用者的利益,并考虑路网交通流分布,设计了模型的实用求解算法。该方法弥补了已有方法多以运输通道为研究对象的不足之处,可以在收费系数确定的情况下根据优化目标直接得到优化结果,具有较为广泛的适用性。     

城市高架桥之高独柱墩横向位移探讨

结合城市高架高独柱墩顶部发生横向位移这一现象,对高独柱墩顶部横向荷载产生的原因进行初步分析,并应用三维非线性屈曲分析,阐述组合荷载所引起的大变形及混凝土徐变效应与墩顶横向位移之间的关系,提出了设计、施工类似结构时应注意的事项。     

Estimating traffic volumes for signalized intersections using connected vehicle data

Recently connected vehicle (CV) technology has received significant attention thanks to active pilot deployments supported by the US Department of Transportation (USDOT). At signalized intersections, CVs may serve as mobile sensors, providing opportunities of reducing dependencies on conventional vehicle detectors for signal operation. However, most of the existing studies mainly focus on scenarios that penetration rates of CVs reach certain level, e.g., 25%, which may not be feasible in the near future. How to utilize data from a small number of CVs to improve traffic signal operation remains an open question. In this work, we develop an approach to estimate traffic volume, a key input to many signal optimization algorithms, using GPS trajectory data from CV or navigation devices under low market penetration rates. To estimate traffic volumes, we model vehicle arrivals at signalized intersections as a time-dependent Poisson process, which can account for signal coordination. The estimation problem is formulated as a maximum likelihood problem given multiple observed trajectories from CVs approaching to the intersection. An expectation maximization (EM) procedure is derived to solve the estimation problem. Two case studies were conducted to validate our estimation algorithm. One uses the CV data from the Safety Pilot Model Deployment (SPMD) project, in which around 2800 CVs were deployed in the City of Ann Arbor, MI. The other uses vehicle trajectory data from users of a commercial navigation service in China. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the estimation is found to be 9–12%, based on benchmark data manually collected and data from loop detectors. Considering the existing scale of CV deployments, the proposed approach could be of significant help to traffic management agencies for evaluating and operating traffic signals, paving the way of using CVs for detector-free signal operation in the future.     

缓波型非粘接柔性立管的干涉敏感性

针对非粘接柔性立管在波浪和海流作用下易发生立管干涉的问题,以我国南海某油田输油立管和相邻锚链为例,分别对拖曳力系数、管道单位长度质量、外径、内部介质密度、立管抗拉弯扭刚度和悬挂角度等参数进行敏感性分析,得出不同参数的敏感性情况,并在此基础上提出一些建议供实际工程设计参考.     

无线调车机车信号和监控系统实际应用中无线通信解决方案研究

在配有无线调车机车信号和监控系统(STP)的铁路车站,如果站场存在高建筑物、山体、多隧道、特长隧道等特殊情况,会使车地无线通信出现信号弱或者无信号现象。针对这些特殊站场情况,给出几种无线通信解决方案,并在实际工程项目中有效地解决信号弱或者无信号问题。     

隧道爆炸冲击波的危害及控制措施

目前山岭隧道施工基本以钻爆法为主,爆破过程中产生的冲击波会对隧道内的人员及机械设备安全产生较大影响,造成重大安全事故和财产损失。本文主要介绍了冲击波在隧道内传播会形成超压,且随着传播距离增加超压峰值逐渐衰减到大气压范围内;基于超压准则评估了冲击波对人体、隧道内设施及周边建筑物的危害程度;通过在隧道内安装简易的冲击波缓冲装置及加强监测、设置安全警戒线等控制措施,减弱了爆破冲击波的危害,从而达到安全快速施工的目的。     

高速铁路轨道的波阻抗及影响因素研究

高速铁路轨道在雷击或故障冲击电流作用下会产生暂态冲击过电压,该过电压的大小由轨道的波阻抗决定。通过建立高速铁路线路的仿真模型,分析直角冲击波在轨道上的传播与折反射过程,提出轨道的波阻抗的计算方法,研究钢轨类型、土壤电阻率、钢轨对地过渡电阻对波阻抗的影响。结果表明:P60型轨道波阻抗数值为235. 55Ω;轨道的波阻抗主要受钢轨类型和土壤电阻率的影响,高速铁路轨道的波阻抗在在210～250Ω变化;在高速铁路轨道仿真模型中,线路末端电阻等于波阻抗时,可以有效地消除折反射对仿真结果的影响,末端电阻的取值不需要考虑钢轨地过渡电阻的影响。研究给出高速铁路轨道波阻抗的范围及仿真模型中末端电阻的取值方法,可以为轨道过电压计算、分析与仿真提供理论与方法参考。     

Estimation of extreme significant wave heights and the associated uncertainties: A case study using NORA10 hindcast data for the Barents Sea

The reliability of an offshore structure is dependent on its response to the extreme wave climate; therefore, an adequate knowledge of the wave climate at a location is a prerequisite during design as well as in marine operations. This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the extreme wave climate in the Norwegian Sector of the Barents Sea, using wave hindcast datasets from the Norwegian Reanalysis 10 km (NORA10) database for four locations.We have considered three commonly used methods for the estimation of extreme wave heights, that is, the initial distribution method, the peak over threshold method, and the annual maxima method. The parametric bootstrap concept is considered in the estimation of the epistemic uncertainty related to sample size. The estimated 100-year significant wave heights obtained from the three methods differ, and the degree of variability in the estimates varies, depending on the dataset. The epistemic uncertainty due to sample size is wider when considering the annual maxima method.The estimates obtained from the three methods show the importance of considering different methods and their associated uncertainties when estimating extreme wave values for design. While it is difficult to single out the best method among the three, the estimated values give knowledge of the possible range of the extreme significant wave heights at the locations. Generally, the datasets considered in this study suggest that the wave climate is less harsh further north compared to the southern region of the Barents Sea. The datasets do not suggest any temporal trends in the historical significant wave heights at any of the locations.