Examining stakeholder participation and conflicts associated with large scale infrastructure projects: the case of Tema port expansion project,Ghana

ABSTRACT

Balancing economic activities with socio-environmental considerations has become a global standard for the construction of large scale infrastructure projects, including ports. In this discourse, stakeholder participation and environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) have been stressed as important tools that can help port managers to co-create values, avoid conflicts and promote inclusive growth. Drawing on qualitative research tools and stakeholder theory, this paper explores whether and to what extent local stakeholders’ inclusion has substantial influence on addressing their socio-cultural concerns and interest. This is illustrated with a case study of an ongoing port expansion project at Ghana’s largest port of Tema. The findings suggest that although the port authority conducted an ESIA and engaged local stakeholders as part of the planning process, this did not translate into preventing the loss of valuable cultural resources of the local communities. The port authority did not place ‘value’ on cultural resources of the local communities that cannot be expressed in monetary terms. Further, lack of good faith engagement with local stakeholders led to conflicts in some cases that triggered a court action and delays. The paper concludes that stakeholder participation if not applied well, can become a ‘post-political’ tool.     

一种基于车载GPS的短信公交预报系统

新建市区及郊区的公交班车间隔时间较长,导致市民出行不得不选择其他交通工具.本文提出了一种基于车载GPS的短信公交预报系统.本系统将班车间隔时间较长的公交站点全程编号,乘客发送欲乘车站点编号给公交系统服务器,当车载GPS发回至公交系统服务器的公交车位置信息恰好达到预报站时,公交系统服务器将发送短信提醒乘客出行.系统结合车载GPS和短信平台设计了新建市区及郊区的公交预报系统,使长间隔公交预报问题得到解决,实现了乘客到达车站的较短时间后公交车就能进站,从而大大减少了乘客的等待时间.本系统方便市民快速出行,同时节约社会资源.     

Fabrication and drilling tests of chemical vapor deposition diamond coated drills in machining carbon fiber reinforced plastics

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond coated drills are fabricated by depositing diamond films on Co-cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) drills. The characteristics of as-deposited diamond coatings are investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectra. To evaluate the cutting performance of diamond coated drills, comparative drilling tests are conducted using diamond coated and uncoated WC-Co drills, with carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) as the workpiece on a high-speed computer numerical control (CNC) machine. Thrust force and tool wear are measured during the drilling process. The results show that diamond coated drill exhibits better cutting performance, compared with the uncoated drill. The value of flank wear is about 70 μm after machining 90 holes, about a half of that of theWC-Co drill with 145μm after drilling only 30 holes. The wear rate of WC-Co drill is higher than that of diamond coated drill before diamond films peeling off. The diamond coated drill achieves more predictable hole quality. The improved cutting performance of the diamond coated drill is due to the high hardness, wear resistance and low coefficient of friction.     

总装仪表板线物流自动化规划与实施

通过对总装仪表板线物流自动化的规划,以及实施过程中调试遇到的问题解决,介绍整个仪表线物流自动化的实施过程,为考虑实施仪表板线物流自动化项目的汽车总装生产提供借鉴。     

基于斯太尔平衡轴轴承间隙测量方法的探究

平衡轴是重型汽车的重要组成部分,然而斯太尔平衡轴作为一款经典的整体式平衡轴,广泛应运于重型汽车行业。斯太尔平衡轴的结构较为复杂,分装过程繁琐,若不能严格按照装配工艺要求进行操作,就会出现平衡轴漏油、轴承磨损等失效模式。由于受测量手段的约束,在平衡轴分装过程中最困难的就是如何测量出轴承轴向0.1-0.3mm的间隙,从而进一步地正确选配斯太尔技术所给的七种定位垫圈。本文从假设使用工装代替平衡轴头出发,模拟平衡轴分装过程,用测量规间接测出轴承轴向间隙,再加上理论值,从而得出定位垫圈的厚度,进行正确选配定位垫圈。     

数据链战术消息处理方法

战术消息处理是数据链集成应用的关键环节,论文从介绍数据链消息标准入手,对战术数据链在作战平台进行集成应用时的战术消息处理方法进行了研究,重点阐述了数据链消息的生成、发送控制、接收与应用处理等技术。     

半主动动力吸振镗杆系统的颤振抑制机理

深孔镗削过程中,针对影响工件加工精度和表面质量的颤振现象,建立单自由度切削颤振系统的动力学模型,利用谐波平衡法求得机床主轴转速与极限切削宽度的关系式,并绘制了机床主轴转速与极限切削宽度的稳定性图,结合半主动动力吸振镗杆刚度和阻尼系数的可控性,分析了机床结构刚度及阻尼系数大小对颤振抑制的影响。研究结果表明：机床颤振频率随着主轴转速呈分段线性变化,增大机床结构的刚度和阻尼,系统的稳定性区域在一定范围内相应的增大。为今后进行半主动动力吸振镗杆具体模型的建立和相关参数的选取提供了理论依据,具有实际意义。     

Leave the expressway or not？ Impact of dynamic information

This study investigates drivers＇ diversion decision behavior under expressway variable message signs that provide travel time of both an expressway route and a local street route. Both a conventional cross-sectional logit model and a mixed logit model are developed to model drivers＇ response to travel time information. It is based on the data collected from a stated preference survey in Shanghai, China. The mixed logit model captures the heterogeneity in the value of ＂travel time＂ and ＂number of traffic lights＂ and accounts for correlations among repeated choices of the same respondent. Results show that travel time saving and driving experience serve as positive factors, while the number of traffic lights on the arterial road, expressway use frequency, being a middle-aged driver, and being a driver of an employer-provided car serve as negative factors in diversion. The mixed logit model obviously outperforms the cross-sectional model in dealing with repeated choices and capturing heterogeneity regarding the goodness-of-fit criterion. The significance of standard deviations of random coefficients for travel time and number of traffic lights evidences the existence of hetero- geneity in the driver population. The findings of this study have implications for future efforts in driver behaviormodeling and advanced traveler information system assessment.     

深水铺管船托管架总装工艺探讨

托管架是深水管道铺设中的重要设备之一,结合深水铺管起重船托管架建造项目,针对托管架的装配特点,从托管架的制造精度控制、虚拟装配、吊装、工装设计等方面对深水铺管托管架的海上总装工艺进行了探讨,进而为大型结构物的海上装配提供了技术参考.     

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作为智能交通系统的一部分,在电子信息版显示的电子交通标识,由于能够为驾驶员提供清晰、准确且易于辨识的交通信息,在世界各地得到了日益广泛的应用。本文对韩国首尔市动态交通控制系统中的电子交通标识进行评价和设计。对之前研究中设计的部分标识改进,并在实际某路段的可变信息板显示试验。此外,通过部分驾驶员对这些交通标识的辨识进行分析,对不同方案进行评价,为确定最终的标识提供参考。结果表明,现有欧洲设计和韩国设计的表示交通事故的标志辨识正确率较低（分别为10%和43.5%）;表示拥堵和交通事件的标志辨识正确率在45%至55%间;欧洲设计的雪天警告标志的辨识正确率为17.5%,韩国设计的雪天警告标志相对易于辨识（正确率75.5%）。