Heavy commercial vehicles‐following behavior and interactions with different vehicle classes

This work investigates the effect of heavy commercial vehicles on the capacity and overall performance of congested freeway sections. Furthermore, the following behaviors of heavy commercial vehicles and its comparison with passenger cars are presented. Freeways are designed to facilitate the flow of traffic including passenger cars and trucks. The impact of these different vehicle types is not uniform, creating problems in freeway operations and safety particularly under heavy demand with a high proportion of heavy vehicles. There have been very few studies concerned with the traffic behavior and characteristics of heavy vehicles in these situations. This study draws on extensive data collected over a long stretch of freeway using videotaping and surveys at several sites. The collected data were firstly used to study the interaction between heavy vehicles and passenger cars. Through a detailed trajectory analysis, the following behaviors of 120 heavy vehicles were then analyzed to provide a thorough understanding of heavy vehicles‐following behavior mechanism. The results showed a significant difference in the following behavior of heavy vehicles compared with other vehicles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

管道外防腐层耐划伤测试仪的研制

研制一种专用于管道外防腐层耐划伤性能的测试仪器,适用于不同管径、不同壁厚和不同防腐层结构.介绍了管道外防腐层耐划伤测试仪的研制过程,详细描述了耐划伤测试仪机械结构、电子电路及系统软件的设计方法,并对测试仪器的可重复性及可靠性与国外设备进行了对比计算.该测试仪在测试平台的稳定性、划针固定和微调结构、配重压力测量和调节、测控电路设计等方面有创新,提高了设备的准确性和稳定性.防腐层的耐划伤测试试验表明：该仪器适用于不同管径、不同壁厚钢质管道的不同防腐层结构的测试,操作简单,维护方便,能够满足防腐涂层耐划伤测试的要求;测试结果较准确,具有可重复性.     

招生宣传工作中的现代信息技术的应用

随着社会对人才素质要求越来越高,高等学校的招生办学规模越来越大,生源质量将直接影响着学校生存与发展,因此对招生宣传工作提出了越来越高的要求。本文重点探讨了在招生宣传中如何运用现代信息技术以突破传统的招生简章和宣传材料散发,效率低下效果不佳的困境。     

汽车运动状态在线测量及预报技术

为了有效地对汽车自身可能的运动状态进行预报,并对潜在的行车危险进行预警,开展了汽车运动状态在线测量及预报技术研究。设计了微惯性测量单元,实现汽车运动状态参数在线测量,介绍了汽车姿态解算及其速度积分算法;设计了Kalman滤波器,通过信号融合处理获取汽车运动状态参数的最优估计值;阐述了自回归建模预报方法,并开发了汽车运动状态在线测量及预报软件;最后搭建了车载试验平台并进行了实车道路试验。结果表明:汽车运动状态在线测量及预报技术具有很好的预报效果,为未来开发性能更可靠、效果更佳的汽车主动安全预警系统提供了一定的理论依据和技术途径。     

基于MEMS的GPS/SINS组合导航技术发展现状

对比了GPS、捷联式惯导系统、微电子机械系统(MEMS)惯性传感器各自的优缺点.针对目前以惯性技术为基础的组合导航系统得到了重视和发展,介绍了基于MEMS的GPS/捷联式惯导组合过程中存在的各种技术问题和解决这些技术难题的技术途径.     

Unconventional USC intersection corridors: evaluation of potential implementation in Doha,Qatar

Unconventional intersection designs have been recently proposed as a new approach to deal with heavy left turns at signalized intersections. One of these unconventional schemes, the Upstream Signalized Crossover (USC) intersection, was shown to significantly reduce average vehicle delays; particularly when the volumes entering the intersection are relatively high. The Ministry of Public Works of Qatar is considering the implementation of the USC intersection on three signalized intersections along a major urban corridor in Doha. This paper investigates the potential improvements associated with the USC implementation. VISSIM was used to analyze the proposed USC intersections and the existing conventional intersections. Analyses were carried out for AM , Midday, and PM peak hours. The results showed that most of the travel time measurement sections experienced lower delays in the USC configuration for the three peak periods. As well, the total system delay, in hours, for the USC configuration was less than that of the conventional configuration by 19.4, 14.8, and 13.6% for the AM , Midday, and PM peaks, respectively. The average control delay for each single USC intersection was lower than its conventional counterpart by between 7.6 and 22.9%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大件货物海上运输的惯性力研究

绑扎是保证重大件货物海上运输安全的必要手段之一,而计算货物运动惯性力是绑扎设计的前提.通过介绍基于船级社协会统计数学模型得出的经验公式和基于船舶谐摇运动方程的理论公式两种海上货物运动惯性力计算方法,简要分析了其不同的思路和特点,指出现行的国际海事组织<货物积载与系固安全实用规则(CSS规则)>是经验公式中货物重心距船舶水线-2.4～11.5 m范围内的惯性力计算规范.并通过三个不同的典型大件货物运输实例,指出经验方法在理论公式中所对应的最大横摇角和最大纵摇角范围分别为15.～25.和5.～7.5°,结论可用于指导重大货物海上运输的系固绑扎设计,并为运输重大件货物的风险控制提供参考.     

船用捷联惯性导航系统在线误差校正算法设计及仿真*

针对捷联惯性导航系统的长期精度不能满足舰载应用的问题,设计了利用罗经的航向信息及多谱勒计程仪的速度信息,通过卡尔曼滤波,在线校正捷联惯性导航系统误差的软件算法,并进行了计算机仿真。     

基于惯性导航/地磁的水下潜器组合导航定位方法

针对水下潜器长时间水下航行的隐蔽性且定位精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于惯性导航/地磁的组合导航系统。建立了惯性导航/地磁组合导航系统模型,并且利用卡尔曼滤波算法对系统进行滤波。最后通过仿真实验表明,该组合导航系统能够有效弥补单惯性导航系统精度发散的不足,提高了导航精度,实现了水下潜器的精确导航。     

真空预压中真空度和孔隙水压力测试与分析

对真空、真空度、孔隙水压力、超静孔隙水压力、孔压差、负压等概念进行了阐述和澄清,分别分析了真空度、孔隙水压力现场监测的影响因素,对两者的监测仪器与方法进行了论证,并进行了沿塑料排水板深度为25m、35m和50m孔压分布的现场试验。建议地下水位以上采用真空测头、地下水位以下采用孔压计进行监测,以达到事半功倍的效果,监测数据稳定可靠。