压气条件下泥膜进气值测量试验研究

在压气条件下,进气是泥膜透气失效的起始点。为测量并研究泥膜在气压下的进气压力值（进气值）,通过自制的试验装置,在不同压气条件下对3种泥膜进行进气值测量试验。试验结果表明： 1)由闭气排水与固结排水的差值可以辨别泥膜是否进气,得到泥膜进气值; 2)采用泥膜特征孔径D90/2代入推导公式可近似计算泥膜进气值; 3)泥膜在不同压气条件下进气值不同,增压速率越低,泥膜进气值越大; 4)在较快和较慢的增压速率下存在进气值变化趋于稳定的现象,最大进气值为最小值的2倍以上。     

国六柴油机颗粒物捕集器在工程应用中的关键问题分析

通过分析国六排放法规,并结合对OEM(Original Equipment Manufacturer)市场国六后处理技术的开发以及我国的特殊地理环境,总结了国六柴油机颗粒物捕集器(Diesel Particulate Filter,DPF)开发的重点、难点问题.综合来看,开发高目数、薄壁、非对称孔道结构及高强度的DPF...     

Quasi-dynamic estimation of o–d flows from traffic counts: Formulation,statistical validation and performance analysis on real data

The paper proposes a “quasi-dynamic” framework for estimation of origin–destination (o–d) flow from traffic counts, under the assumption that o–d shares are constant across a reference period, whilst total flows leaving each origin vary for each sub-period within the reference period. The advantage of this approach over conventional within-day dynamic estimators is that of reducing drastically the number of unknowns given the same set of observed time-varying traffic counts. Obviously, the gain in accuracy depends on how realistic is the underlying assumption that total demand levels vary more rapidly over time than o–d shares. Firstly, the paper proposes a theoretical specification of the quasi-dynamic estimator. Subsequently, it proposes empirical and statistical tests to check the quasi-dynamic assumption and then compares the performances of the quasi-dynamic estimator of o–d flows with both classical off-line simultaneous dynamic estimators and on-line recursive Kalman filter-based estimators. Experiments are carried out on the real test site of A4–A23 motorways in North-Eastern Italy. Results confirm the acceptability of the assumption of quasi-dynamic o–d flows, even under the hypothesis of constant distribution shares for the whole day and show that the quasi-dynamic estimator outperforms significantly the simultaneous estimator. Data also suggest that using the quasi-dynamic estimates instead of the simultaneous estimates as historical o–d flows improves significantly the performances of the Kalman filter, which strongly depends of the quality of the seed o–d flows. In addition, it is shown that the aggregation of quasi-dynamic o–d estimates across subsequent time slices represents also the most effective way to obtain o–d estimates for larger time horizons (e.g. hourly estimates). Finally, a validation based on an hold-out sample of link flows (i.e. counts not used as inputs in the o–d estimation/updating process) revealed the quasi-dynamic estimator to be overall more robust and effective with respect to the other tested estimators.     

微波辐射废胶粉改性沥青及混合料性能研究

采用微波辐射的方法对废胶粉表面进行改性活化,用高速剪切工艺在实验室制备了废胶粉改性沥青,基质沥青为泰州中海70号,废胶粉是由南通生产的80目(约0.3 mm),废胶粉掺量为15%。基于包括沥青常规三大指标试验、美国SHRP动态剪切流变试验、弯曲梁流变试验以及热存储稳定性试验等方法,对比分析了微波辐射废胶粉改性沥青和普通废胶粉改性沥青的性能;同时利用沥青混合料常规试验方法,研究了两种改性沥青混合料的路用性能。结果表明,微波辐射废胶粉改性沥青的高温性能、低温性能、抗老化性能和存储稳定性能均好于普通废胶粉改性沥青;微波辐射废胶粉改性沥青混合料的高温稳定性能、水稳定性能均好于普通废胶粉改性沥青混合料。     

微波、红外再生沥青混合料路用性能研究

微波加热和红外加热现已逐渐应用到高等级公路沥青混凝土路面养护和维修中。为了评价沥青混凝土路面在微波加热和红外加热下的各项性能,通过试验研究,系统分析了微波加热沥青混合料和红外加热沥青混合料的路用性能,包括高温变形特性、低温抗裂性、水稳性和抗疲劳特性试验。结果表明:微波加热沥青混合料具有较红外加热和普通密级配沥青混凝土更好的路用性能,可以改善沥青混凝土路面使用品质,具有较好的经济和社会效益,在沥青混凝土路面维修中的应用前景十分看好。     

Dual extended Kalman filter for vehicle state and parameter estimation

The article demonstrates the implementation of a model-based vehicle estimator, which can be used for combined estimation of vehicle states and parameters. The estimator is realised using the dual extended Kalman filter (DEKF) technique, which makes use of two Kalman filters running in parallel, thus 'splitting' the state and parameter estimation problems. Note that the two problems cannot be entirely separated due to their inherent interdependencies. This technique provides several advantages, such as the possibility to switch off the parameter estimator, once a sufficiently good set of estimates has been obtained. The estimator is based on a four-wheel vehicle model with four degrees of freedom, which accommodates the dominant modes only, and is designed to make use of several interchangeable tyre models. The paper demonstrates the appropriateness of the DEKF. Results to date indicate that this is an effective approach, which is considered to be of potential benefit to the automotive industry.     

Real-time traffic state estimation in urban corridors from heterogeneous data

In recent years, rapid advances in information technology have led to various data collection systems which are enriching the sources of empirical data for use in transport systems. Currently, traffic data are collected through various sensors including loop detectors, probe vehicles, cell-phones, Bluetooth, video cameras, remote sensing and public transport smart cards. It has been argued that combining the complementary information from multiple sources will generally result in better accuracy, increased robustness and reduced ambiguity. Despite the fact that there have been substantial advances in data assimilation techniques to reconstruct and predict the traffic state from multiple data sources, such methods are generally data-driven and do not fully utilize the power of traffic models. Furthermore, the existing methods are still limited to freeway networks and are not yet applicable in the urban context due to the enhanced complexity of the flow behavior. The main traffic phenomena on urban links are generally caused by the boundary conditions at intersections, un-signalized or signalized, at which the switching of the traffic lights and the turning maneuvers of the road users lead to shock-wave phenomena that propagate upstream of the intersections. This paper develops a new model-based methodology to build up a real-time traffic prediction model for arterial corridors using data from multiple sources, particularly from loop detectors and partial observations from Bluetooth and GPS devices.     

机车车辆用新型空气过滤器概述

对机车车辆用传统空气过滤器存在的问题进行分析,介绍一种适合机车车辆用新型空气过滤器的结构特点、过滤原理、主要性能及试验情况等。     

Efficient multiple model particle filtering for joint traffic state estimation and incident detection

This article proposes an efficient multiple model particle filter (EMMPF) to solve the problems of traffic state estimation and incident detection, which requires significantly less computation time compared to existing multiple model nonlinear filters. To incorporate the on ramps and off ramps on the highway, junction solvers for a traffic flow model with incident dynamics are developed. The effectiveness of the proposed EMMPF is assessed using a benchmark hybrid state estimation problem, and using synthetic traffic data generated by a micro-simulation software. Then, the traffic estimation framework is implemented using field data collected on Interstate 880 in California. The results show the EMMPF is capable of estimating the traffic state and detecting incidents and requires an order of magnitude less computation time compared to existing algorithms, especially when the hybrid system has a large number of rare models.     

关于剩余格的正则滤子

基于一般的剩余格,引进了正则滤子的概念,给出了正则滤子的一些特征刻画,并且建立了正则滤子与其它一些特殊滤子(G-滤子、MV-滤子、Boolean滤子)之间的内在联系.证明了一个剩余格为正则剩余格当且仅当它的每个MP滤子是正则滤子.