离心试验砂雨法试样制备研究

全国岩土工程离心模拟平行试验之一,是砂土模型地层的制备.砂土试样制备主要通过相对密度进行控制,试验中采用福建标准砂,采用砂雨法制备砂土地层和网眼式与鸭嘴式出砂头,通过对试验结果分析得到落距-相对密度标定曲线,并设定土体目标密度(55 %和75 %),验证曲线的可靠性;同时,考察制备模型地基的相对密度在空间上的均质性.出砂头的孔径大小、出砂量、出砂头水平移动速度对相对密度的影响,还需进一步研究.     

试样尺寸及制样粒径大小对粗粒土三轴试验抗剪强度的影响

三轴试验是确定土的抗剪强度的主要方法,试样尺寸是影响三轴试验结果的重要因素之一.粗粒土的三轴试验需要采用大尺寸的试样进行,相应需要采用大尺寸试验装置及更多的制样用土.与大尺寸三轴试验相比,采用小尺寸三轴压力室,所需的试样较小,制样用土较少,且小尺寸三轴试验过程更快,试验成本更低.但采用小尺寸试样对粗粒土进行三轴试验时,往往得到偏小的抗剪强度参数,导致实际工程设计过于保守而不经济.为了降低试验成本,可以采用小尺寸试样进行试验,通过对试验结果进行修正来获得大尺寸试样试验结果,进而使工程设计具有良好的经济性.针对以上问题,本文对比研究了不良级配砾质砂混合物在采用去粗法前后制样试验所得的抗剪强度,提出了采用不同尺寸试样进行试验时对试验结果进行修正的方法及计算公式.     

沥青混凝土中粗集料影响实验研究

基于粗集料在沥青混凝土中形成持力骨架,直接影响混凝土的承载能力,实验研究了粗集料组成及粒径对混凝土抗压和蠕变性能影响．参考标准级配中粗集料质量百分比,设计了含不同组成和粒径的粗集料试样（细集料含量相同）,进行了不同温度下单轴压缩和蠕变实验,结果表明,沥青混凝土力学性能强烈依赖粗集料组成特性,并提出粗、细集料以2．36 m m为界限的划分依据．     

超大粒径沥青混合料高温稳定性研究

为了研究超大粒径沥青混合料(SLSM)的高温稳定性,在借鉴大粒径沥青混合料(LSAM)研究方法的基础上,确定SLSM的级配,并以SBS改性沥青作为粘结材料,利用车辙试验的动稳定度评价SLSM的高温性能,并与普通密级配沥青混合料进行比较。结果表明:超大粒径沥青混合料的动稳定度比普通密级配沥青混合料的大17.07%,用作沥青路面的下面层满足要求。     

边坡可靠性研究的发展方向

影响边坡稳定性的因素较多,而安全系数仍是目前边坡稳定性评价的重要指标,但未考虑其所涉及参数的任何变异,以致造成计算结果常有失真。实际工程中,边坡是一个具有时间属性的开放性系统,受关键性条件的制约,且具有一定的自我调整能力。因此,对于边坡可靠性研究应从内外因素两个方面进行考虑。通过分析边坡可靠性建模方法及其步骤,指出了在建模过程中应该注意的问题与应用目标。     

大孔径深孔嵌岩桩成孔工艺的研究及应用

在桥梁施工中,钻孔桩形式不同施工工艺也多种多样,对大孔径深孔钻孔桩成孔工艺进行了简单介绍,说明了大孔径深孔桩研究和应用的过程及两次清孔对钻孔桩质量的重要影响。     

From suspended particles to strata: The fate of terrestrial substances in the Gaoping (Kaoping) submarine canyon

The river–sea system consisting of the Gaoping (new spelling according to the latest government's directive, formerly spelled Kaoping) River (KPR), shelf, and Submarine Canyon (KPRSC) located off southern Taiwan is an ideal natural laboratory to study the source, pathway, transport, and fate of terrestrial substances. In 2004 during the flood season of the KPR, a system-wide comprehensive field experiment was conducted to investigate particle dynamics from a source-to-sink perspective in the KPRSC with the emphasis on the effect of particle size on the transport, settling, and sedimentation along the pathway. This paper reports the findings from (1) two sediment trap moorings each configured with a Technicap PPS 3/3 sediment trap, and an acoustic current meter (Aquadopp); (2) concurrent hydrographic profiling and water sampling was conducted over 8 h next to the sediment trap moorings; and (3) box-coring in the head region of the submarine canyon near the mooring sites. Particle samples from sediment traps were analyzed for mass fluxes, grain-size composition, total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN), organic matter (OM), carbonate, biogenic opal, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), lithogenic silica and aluminum, and foraminiferal abundance. Samples from box cores were analyzed for grain-size distribution, TOC, particulate organic matter (POM), carbonate, biogenic opal, water content, and ²¹⁰Pb_ex. Water samples were filtered through 500, 250, 63, 10 µm sieves and 0.4 µm filter for the suspended sediment concentration of different size-classes.Results show that the river and shelf do not supply all the suspended particles near the canyon floor. The estimated mass flux near the canyon floor exceeds 800 g/m²/day, whose values are 2–7 times higher than those at the upper rim of the canyon. Most of the suspended particles in the canyon are fine-grained (finer than medium silt) lithogenic sediments whose percentages are 90.2% at the upper rim and 93.6% in the deeper part of the canyon.As suspended particles settle through the canyon, their size-composition shows a downward fining trend. The average percentage of clay-to-fine-silt particles (0.4–10 µm) in the water samples increases from 22.7% above the upper rim of the canyon to 56.0% near the bottom of the canyon. Conversely, the average percentage of the sand-sized (> 63 µm) suspended particles decreases downward from 32.0% above the canyon to 12.0% in the deeper part of the canyon. Correspondingly, the substrate of the canyon is composed largely of hemipelagic lithogenic mud. Parallel to this downward fining trend is the downward decrease of concentrations of suspended nonlithogenic substances such as TOC and PAH, despite of their affinity to fine-grained particles.On the surface of the canyon, down-core variables (grain size, ²¹⁰Pb_ex activity, TOC, water content) near the head region of the canyon show post-depositional disturbances such as hyperpycnite and turbiditic deposits. These deposits point to the occurrences of erosion and deposition related to high-density flows such as turbidity currents, which might be an important process in submarine canyon sedimentation.     

“通程”号超大型耙吸挖泥船开发设计

阐述了708研究所自主开发设计的国内第一艘超大型挖泥船,采用全通甲板,适用于深、远海作业;泥舱舱容达18374m3,最大挖深可达85m,为目前中国设计建造的最大舱容、最大挖深的深水疏浚工程船;疏浚设备(即:泥泵、水下泵、高压冲水泵等)采用全变频电力驱动,泥舱首次采用箱形泥门形式。