用地性质与线路区位对社区公交的影响研究

社区公交的开通可有效缓解乘客出行的"最后一公里"问题,合理的站点布局可提高社区公交的客流量、促进公共交通发展。基于交通实地调查、SP调查和RP调查,对郑州市社区公交现状进行分析,分别对出行者的性别、年龄、家庭人口数、月收入、职业、出行目的进行特征分析。考虑用地性质和线路的区位影响,分别对社区公交的客流量和乘坐社区公交前使用的交通方式进行研究,分析其对社区公交的站点布设、两站点间的距离、发车间隔和发车频率等的影响,为社区公交的布设提供依据,增加社区公交的竞争力,更好地满足社区居民的出行需求。     

蓝宝石及其在军用光电设备上的应用

蓝宝石是一种极为理想的多光谱宽波段窗口材料。与普通的宽波段窗口材料相比，它具有许多优良的机械特性和光特性。对蓝宝石的性能作了简要的叙述，对蓝宝石窗口的技术要求及在军用光电设备上的应用进行了详细论述和分析。     

重大地震灾害公路军事运输保障研究

结合汶川大地震军队救灾公路运输保障情况,分析了重大地震灾害公路军事运输保障的特点,提出了重大地震灾害公路运输保障的对策措施,并从制定和完善应对重大地震灾害公路军事运输应急保障方案、做好抗震救灾运输保障物质准备和平时演练、抓紧建设公路运输战略支援保障力量、进一步加强应急公路军事运输组织机制建设等方面,建议加强运输战备,提高应对重大地震灾害公路军事运输的保障能力。     

城市客运交通枢纽与周边用地一体化建设研究

城市客运交通枢纽建设与周边用地开发具有紧密的互动关系,其一体化建设迫切需要相关规划设计理论的指导。结合国内外经验,探讨城市客运交通枢纽周边用地一体化建设的范围、空间布局模式、用地性质及开发强度等要素,并在这几个方面对中国城市客运交通枢纽建设提出对应的指导建议。然后,以实现多种交通方式无缝衔接和公共交通主导为目标,从交通接驳设施、枢纽周边道路网络和步行系统三方面阐述一体化换乘系统的规划设计策略。最后,梳理城市客运交通枢纽与周边用地一体化建设的思路和工作流程。     

拆除旧桥顶进新桥施工技术

结合怀柔区迎宾南路与京承线相交处的旧桥改造,介绍采用切割法切割既有U形铁路混凝土桥、D24军便梁加固既有铁路以及桥体顶进施工的工艺,为类似的工程提供一定的借鉴。     

What cognitive mechanisms predict travel mode choice? A systematic review with meta-analysis

Reduced private car use can limit greenhouse gas emissions and improve public health. It is unclear, however, how promotion of alternative transport choices can be optimised. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to identify potentially modifiable cognitive mechanisms that have been related to car use and use of alternative transport modes. A qualitative synthesis of measures of potentially modifiable mechanisms based on 43 studies yielded 26 conceptually distinct mechanism categories. Meta-analyses of associations between these mechanisms and car use/non-use generated 205 effects sizes (Pearson’s r) from 35 studies. The strongest correlates of car use were intentions, perceived behavioural control, attitudes and habit. The strongest correlates of alternative transportation choices were intentions, perceived behavioural control and attitudes. Implications for researchers and policy implementation are discussed.     

浅基岩大荷载透水沉箱码头结构应用及优化

用海政策调整后,传统满堂式沉箱结构+后方回(吹)填方案在获得用海许可存在困难。结合工程实例,通过理论计算和物理模型试验对比,在结构受力、构造及施工方面进行优化,提出沉箱墩+叠合板结构方案,具有岩面浅、波浪高且使用荷载大的特点。该方案在日照港岚山港区得到成功应用,码头运营状况良好,取得良好经济效益,可为类似条件下码头的设计和建设提供借鉴。     

Advancing Knowledge for Use in Coastal and Estuarine Management: Competitive Research in the National Estuarine Research Reserve System

Decades of research has generated new scientific understanding and technologies aimed at better managing environmental change in estuarine and coastal regions. Yet many across the communities of coastal and estuarine research, management, and funding believe that progress has been too slow in applying this research in practice. This essay reviews how the National Estuarine Research Reserve System’s funding program evolved over the past two decades to improve how researchers and users of research work together to increase the uptake of science to achieve resource management and conservation goals. Incremental innovation in the design of the NERRS funding program enabled more intensive and multiway engagement between funders, researchers, and users, which created new pathways for applying science in practice. Furthermore, these interactions stimulate reflection and adaptation within each separate institutional setting, supporting changes that may science to better support environmental problem solving.     

Distinguishing the land use effects of road pricing based on the urban form attributes

This paper studies the effects of road pricing on land use under different development scenarios (business as usual scenario and transit oriented development scenario) by a quantitative method, which combines the integrated land use and transport interaction model (TRANUS model) with the scenario-planning techniques. Moreover, in order to further analyze the differences of the land use effects of road pricing on traffic analysis zones (TAZs) with different urban form attributes, a quantitative classification method combining factor analysis and cluster analysis is then used to quantitatively classify TAZs. The results demonstrate that the effects of road pricing on the land use of a specific region depend on the urban form attributes of the region. The higher the densities of employments and population, and better street design (high densities of street and intersections) and public transportation condition, the less the region is negatively affected by road pricing, and vice versa. More importantly, rail transit can alleviate the negative impact of road pricing on commercial development and population concentration of the region. Therefore, before introducing a road pricing policy, it is necessary to develop public transport system, especially rail transit.     

Impacts of automated vehicles on travel behaviour and land use: an international review of modelling studies

ABSTRACT

Automated vehicles (AVs) could completely change mobility in the coming years and decades. As AVs are still under development and gathering empirical data for further analysis is not yet possible, existing studies mainly applied models and simulations to assess their impact. This paper provides a comprehensive review of modelling studies investigating the impacts of AVs on travel behaviour and land use. It shows that AVs are mostly found to increase vehicle miles travelled and reduce public transport and slow modes share. This particularly applies to private AVs, which are also leading to a more dispersed urban growth pattern. Shared automated vehicle fleets, conversely, could have positive impacts, including reducing the overall number of vehicles and parking spaces. Moreover, if it is assumed that automation would make the public transport system more efficient, AVs could lead to a favouring of urbanisation processes. However, results are very sensitive to model assumptions which are still very uncertain (e.g. the perception of time in AVs) and more research to gain further insight should have priority in future research as well as the development of the models and their further adaptation to AVs.