In-use measurement of the activity, fuel use, and emissions of eight cement mixer trucks operated on each of petroleum diesel and soy-based B20 biodiesel

In-use micro-scale fuel use and emission rates were measured for eight cement mixer trucks using a portable emission measurement system. Each vehicle was tested on petroleum diesel and B20 biodiesel. Average fuel use and emission rates increase monotonically versus engine manifold absolute pressure. A typical duty cycle includes loading at a cement plant, transit while loaded from the cement plant to work site, creeping in a queue of vehicles at the worksite, unloading, and transit without load from the site to the plant. For B20 versus petroleum diesel, there is no significant change in the rate of fuel use, CO₂ emissions, and NO emissions, and significant decreases in emissions for CO, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. For loaded versus unloaded onroad travel, fuel use and CO₂ emissions rates are approximately 60% higher and the rates for other pollutants are approximately 30–50% higher. A substantial portion of cycle emissions occurred at the work site. Inter-vehicle and intra-cycle variability are also quantified using the micro-scale methodology.     

基于“聚焦物流”理论的军事运输发展研究

＂聚焦物流＂是美军提出的一种先进物流理念,它要求在准确的地点、时间提供给联合作战各种参战人员和各类装备数量合适的后勤物资供应,它建立在以网络为基础的实时可视化信息系统之上,高效快速地连接战场指挥官和后勤供应机构,通过物流机构和程序的改革,为联合作战提供多功能的后勤保障。＂聚焦物流＂在历次局部战争中得到很好应用,取得良好...     

Prioritizing bicycle paths in Belo Horizonte City,Brazil: Analysis based on user preferences and willingness considering individual heterogeneity

Using bicycles as a commuting mode has proven to be beneficial to both urban traffic conditions and travelers’ health. In order to efficiently design facilities and policies that will stimulate bicycle use, it is necessary to first understand people’s attitudes towards bicycle use, and the factors that may influence their preferences. Such an understanding will enable reliable predictions of bicycle use willingness level, based on which cycling facility construction can be reasonably prioritized.As people often have different perceptions on exercising, green transportation, and traffic conditions, effects of potentially influencing factors on people’s willingness of using bicycles tend to be highly heterogeneous. This paper uses a random parameter ordered probit model to analyze how travelers’ willingness of using bicycles is influenced by various socio-economic factors in Belo Horizonte City, Brazil, with the consideration of individual heterogeneity. The data was collected through the 2010 bicycle use survey in Belo Horizonte City. Results show that, first, the willingness of using bicycle is favored by middle income class household, and negatively related with commuting time. Second, people who rent apartments tend to be more willing to use bicycles. Third, if a person is currently walking a long time to work, he/she would be most willing to commute with a bicycle in the future. Those currently commuting a relatively short distance by motorcycle and bus follow this group in terms of willingness to commute by bicycle in the future. Car users seem to be difficult to convert to bicycle users. Moreover, the estimation shows clear evidence that significant individual heterogeneity indeed exists, especially for education level, necessitating the consideration of such an effect. With the calibrated model, residents’ willingness of using bicycle commuting is then estimated for the entire Belo Horizonte City using the 2010 Census and the 2012 O/D survey data. The results are cross validated using the bicycle path preference information, also obtained from the 2010 bicycle use survey.     

基于定量分析的城市轨道交通与土地利用一体规划研究

随着城市化进程的加快,大都市交通拥堵现象日益严重,规划建设城市轨道交通已经成为许多城市解决交通拥堵、促进经济发展的迫切需求。城市轨道交通建设与城市土地利用是互馈关系,文章介绍3种定量研究方法,在定量分析的基础上,探讨了轨道交通车站、线路和线网的定量一体规划,最后提出轨道交通与土地利用定量一体规划以点、线、面分级考虑的一些建议。     

沥青混合料搅拌设备导热油炉的选择及使用

针对施工单位在选择使用沥青混合料搅拌设备导热油炉中存在的问题,提出合理选择使用导热油炉。     

西福河大桥T梁架设工艺

文章以广东省道S119线西福河大桥工程施工为例,介绍采用军用六四式轻便杆件现场设计和组装双导梁架桥机跨河架设35～40mT梁的工艺技术,此技术不仅可降低架梁费用;取得较好的经济效益,而且能克服设备进场难和交通干扰等问题。     

浅析隧道车道功能划分

分析了影响车道功能划分的主要因素。以南京长江隧道为例介绍了确定隧道车道功能的计算方法,并给出了南京长江隧道车道划分模型。     

军口科研设备招标采购的博弈与招标模式研究

随着招标在外军采办和我国各行各业的广泛开展,针对军口863项目科研设备的特点,分析了实施集中招标采购的必要性;并根据在招标过程中的博弈,建立了招标采购过程的不完全静态博弈模型,提出了实施公开招标的两阶段招标模式。实践证明,军口863项目科研设备实施集中招标采购可以避免设备的重复购置,减少项目资金的浪费,实现资源的优化配置。     

Driver behavior formulation in intersection dilemma zones with phone use distraction via a logit-Bayesian network hybrid approach

Use of cellular phone while driving is one of the top contributing factors that induce traffic crashes, resulting in significant loss of life and property. A dilemma zone is a circumstance near signalized intersections where drivers hesitate when making decisions related to their driving behaviors. Therefore, the dilemma zone has been identified as an area with high crash potential. This article utilizes a logit-based Bayesian network (BN) hybrid approach to investigate drivers' decision patterns in a dilemma zone with phone use, based on experimental data from driving simulations from the National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS). Using a logit regression model, five variables were found to be significant in predicting drivers' decisions in a dilemma zone with distractive phone tasks: older drivers (50–60 years old), yellow signal length, time to stop line, handheld phone tasks, and driver gender. The identified significant variables were then used to train a BN model to predict drivers' decisions at a dilemma zone and examine probabilistic impacts of these variables on drivers' decisions. The analysis results indicate that the trained BN model was effective in driver decision prediction and variable influence extraction. It was found that older drivers, a short yellow signal, a short time to stop line, nonhandheld phone tasks, and female drivers are factors that tend to result in drivers proceeding through intersections in a dilemma zone with phone use distraction. These research findings provide insight in understanding driver behavior patterns in a dilemma zone with distractive phone tasks.     

南京纬三路过江通道泥水处理及全线路废弃土再利用技术

利用泥水盾构修建隧道不可避免地会产生大量泥浆和废弃土,如何经济环保地进行泥浆和废弃土处理成为工程面临的一大难题。以南京纬三路过江通道工程为背景,针对该地质条件下泥水处理的难点,通过合理的泥水场地布置和设备选型,并采用针对不同地层的配浆试验、分离设备的选择性使用等措施,实现了泥浆的高效、高质供给,确保了工程顺利实施;根据泥水盾构前后掘进所穿越地质条件的差异,通过废弃黏土和废弃黏土泥浆配制盾构掘进用泥浆、废弃粉细砂用作壁后注浆材料以及废弃卵砾石和碎岩用于混凝土骨料等技术,实现了全线路废弃土的再利用,不仅具有极大的经济效益,还解决了废弃土带来的占地、污染等环境问题,为泥水盾构全线路施工中泥水处理和废弃土再利用提供了新思路。