燃气调压器声发射信号特征与流量关系分析

文中提取燃气调压器声发射信号的标准差、峭度这两个时域特征及重心频率、均方根频率这两个频域特征,分析特征与流量的对应关系,使用相关系数进行评价。基于北京某调压站采集的声发射信号及流量数据,实验结果表明,流量与标准差、峭度、重心频率、均方根频率的相关系数分别为0.8192、0.2889、0.7745、0.641。可见标准差、重心频率及均方根频率与流量相关性较强,峭度与流量相关性较弱。     

舰艇激振和航迹响应实验研究

船舶振动研究在现代船舶上正得到了越来越广泛的应用.内河船一般吃水较小,螺旋桨与船壳的间隙很小,而转速又很高,加上伴流的不均匀,使螺旋桨的激振力加大,对船舶的性能产生很大影响,振动问题更加突出.文章以某舰艇作为主要研究对象,用实验得到的舰艇固有频率和实船振动水平,为作者编制的相近类型船艇振动预报软件提供了检验实例.结果令人满意.     

冲击载荷下弹性索波动行为试验装置设计

针对在冲击波作用下难以对弹性索波动行为进行试验研究且实际试验成本高等问题,提出一种冲击载荷下弹性索波动行为试验装置,装置由加速系统、钢索系统及测试系统组成。根据总体性能要求,探索波动行为特征,确定各部分组成的工作原理和详细构成（载荷和系统等多种参数可以调整）,设计相关性能试验验证方法。试验装置在设计的过程中涉及试验原理的选择、试验方法的实现,以及信号处理和图像处理等技术,可为研究钢索应力波行为提供试验基础平台,也可为钢索应力波相关工程应用领域提供技术参考。     

The Downs–Thomson Paradox with responsive transit service

Downs (1962) and Thomson (1977) suggested that highway capacity expansion may produce counterproductive effects on the two-mode (auto and transit) transport system (Downs–Thomson Paradox). This paper investigates the occurrence of this paradox when transit authority can have different economic objectives (profit-maximizing or breakeven) and operating schemes (frequency, fare, or both frequency and fare). For various combinations of economic objectives and operating schemes, the interaction between highway expansion and transit service is explored, as well as its impact on travelers’ mode choices and travel utilities. Further, for each combination, the conditions for occurrence of the Downs–Thomson Paradox are established. We show that the paradox never occurs when transit authority is profit-maximizing, but it is inevitable when the transit authority is running to maximize travelers’ utility while maintaining breakeven. This is because the former transit authority tends to enhance transit service (e.g., raise frequency or reduce fare) when facing an expanded highway; and on the contrary, the latter tends to compromise transit service (e.g., reduce frequency or raise fare). Both analytical and numerical examples are provided to verify the theoretical results.     

Fuzzy-logic-based incident detection for signalized diamond interchanges

This paper documents a fuzzy-logic-based incident detection algorithm for signalized urban diamond interchanges. The model is capable of detecting lane-blocking incidents whose effects are manifested by patterns of deterioration in traffic conditions that require adjustments in signal control strategies. As a component of a real-time traffic adaptive control system for signalized diamond interchanges, the algorithm feeds an incident report (i.e., the time, location, and severity of the incident) to the system's optimization manager, which uses that information to determine the appropriate signal control strategy.The performance of the model was studied using a simulation of an actual diamond interchange. The simulation study evaluated the model's performance in terms of detection rate, false alarm rate, and mean time to detect. The model's performance was encouraging, and the fuzzy-logic-based approach is considered promising.     

管道主要风险的失效频率数据分析

对其他国家地区管道运输发展中管道所发生的事故进行研究,尝试对一些事故报告数据进行分析,研究它们的特性.借鉴其他管道系统的事故原因,列出了管道类型初步分类应考虑的条件和面临的主要风险.认为对管道类别应该有区别地划分.     

Increasing the capacity of signalized intersections with separate left turn phases

A separate turn phase is often used on the approach leg to an intersections with heavy left turns. This wastes capacity on the approach because some of its lanes cannot discharge during its green phases. The paper shows that the problem can be eliminated by reorganizing traffic on all the lanes upstream of an intersection using a mid-block pre-signal. If drivers behave deterministically, the capacity that can be achieved is the same as if there were no left turns. However, if the reorganization is too drastic, it may be counterintuitive to drivers. This can be remedied by reorganizing traffic on just some of the available lanes. It is shown that such partial reorganization still increases capacity significantly, even if drivers behave randomly and only one lane is reorganized. The paper shows how to optimize the design of a pre-signal system for a generic intersection. It also identifies both, the potential benefits of the proposed system for a broad class of intersections, and the domain of application where the benefits are most significant.     

Estimating traffic volumes for signalized intersections using connected vehicle data

Recently connected vehicle (CV) technology has received significant attention thanks to active pilot deployments supported by the US Department of Transportation (USDOT). At signalized intersections, CVs may serve as mobile sensors, providing opportunities of reducing dependencies on conventional vehicle detectors for signal operation. However, most of the existing studies mainly focus on scenarios that penetration rates of CVs reach certain level, e.g., 25%, which may not be feasible in the near future. How to utilize data from a small number of CVs to improve traffic signal operation remains an open question. In this work, we develop an approach to estimate traffic volume, a key input to many signal optimization algorithms, using GPS trajectory data from CV or navigation devices under low market penetration rates. To estimate traffic volumes, we model vehicle arrivals at signalized intersections as a time-dependent Poisson process, which can account for signal coordination. The estimation problem is formulated as a maximum likelihood problem given multiple observed trajectories from CVs approaching to the intersection. An expectation maximization (EM) procedure is derived to solve the estimation problem. Two case studies were conducted to validate our estimation algorithm. One uses the CV data from the Safety Pilot Model Deployment (SPMD) project, in which around 2800 CVs were deployed in the City of Ann Arbor, MI. The other uses vehicle trajectory data from users of a commercial navigation service in China. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the estimation is found to be 9–12%, based on benchmark data manually collected and data from loop detectors. Considering the existing scale of CV deployments, the proposed approach could be of significant help to traffic management agencies for evaluating and operating traffic signals, paving the way of using CVs for detector-free signal operation in the future.     

地质雷达波频率与围岩等级相关关系统计分析

雷达波频率反映了组成地层的岩性变化,有助于识别地层,当电磁波通过不同介质界面时,电磁波频率将发生明显变化。为研究区域地质情况与地质雷达波频率的关系,在大量地质雷达隧道超前预报报告和实测数据的基础上,通过对不同围岩类型雷达波频率的统计,按照围岩等级、岩性、水文情况3个方面进行了分析。通过分析得出地质雷达波频率与围岩等级相关关系的统计分析结果： 不同等级围岩的雷达波频率范围有明显差异,围岩工程性质差,频率变低;不同水文状况的同等级围岩,波形频率分布无明显变化。