复掺钢渣与矿渣的水泥-水玻璃双液注浆材料研究

为解决传统注浆材料耗费水泥量极大的问题,需研制出工作性能好和经济环保的注浆材料。通过对比不同体系双液注浆材料的性能,优选出复掺钢渣与矿渣的水泥-水玻璃双液注浆材料,并研究钢渣与矿渣的掺量、水玻璃的体积掺量及水灰质量比等对双液注浆材料工作性能、胶凝性能和抗压强度等的影响规律。研究结果表明： 当钢渣与矿渣的掺量为60%,水玻璃的体积掺量为 20%~30%、水灰质量比为0.7~1.0时,所制备的浆液凝胶时间可控,流动度在300 mm以上,3 d的抗压强度在13 MPa以上。     

高速铁路隧道支护参数的计算研究

为探索隧道初期支护安全系数的计算问题,并为高速铁路隧道支护参数优化提供理论依据,根据喷锚支护的性能与特点以及现代隧道力学的基本理论,建立初期支护荷载结构模型和对应的安全系数计算方法; 针对时速350 km高速铁路双线隧道提出的3种不同的初期支护方案（无系统锚杆支护、喷锚结合支护和以锚为主的支护方案）展开适应性研究,计算分析不同埋深（400 m和800 m）条件下初期支护的优化参数以及优化后的二次衬砌承载能力,在此基础上提出优化后的高铁隧道支护参数建议值,并对优化前后的安全系数进行计算与对比。主要结论如下： 1）提出了采用围岩压力代表值作为荷载结构模型设计荷载的方法,为解决设计中围岩压力不确定的问题提供了思路,且所推荐的围岩压力代表值计算方法具有安全性与经济性; 2）提出了3种初期支护计算模型,可以为初期支护构件的选择与量化设计提供一定的理论基础; 3）提出了时速350 km高速铁路双线隧道初期支护方案及优化后的复合式衬砌设计参数,并明确了不同围岩级别、不同埋深时的承载主体; 4）提出了按照不同埋深进行支护结构参数设计的建议。     

A list of accident scenarios for three legs skewed intersections

The term ‘scenario’ is used in the safety field to designate a prototype or a model of an accident process characterised by chains of facts, actions, causal relations and consequences in terms of damage to people and property. The prototypical scenarios, properly realized, provide a basis on which to consider the action to be taken, but also a concrete backup for accident information for use in information campaigns or training. The objective of this study is to define the prototypical accident scenarios for a particular configuration of road intersection: the skewed intersection. Limited sight distance at skewed intersections leads to safety issues. A non-skewed intersection provides the best operating conditions as drivers can easily sense the direction in which they are travelling, estimate the speeds of the opposing traffic and smoothly complete a maneuver in shorter time. In skewed intersections, instead, the ability of drivers to recognize any conflicting vehicles diminishes in comparison to right-angle intersections. The logical-deductive approach used in this paper for the determination of accident scenarios is based on an analysis of a large database of incidents, which occurred on several roads in eastern Sicily on 35 skewed intersections at three-legs. The skew angle of the minor leg of all the intersections studied is between 15° and 20°. This research allowed to develop accident scenarios related to particular configurations of intersections, compatible with the Italian rules. Prototypical scenarios are constructed using samples of accidents occurring on a particular type of study area, especially when they are based on files from in-depth investigations. The method used is an inductive approach, based on an examination of each case, grouping together similar cases and building a prototypical scenario using this case grouping. From the in-depth analysis of database accidents 9 prototypical accident scenarios have been identified for the skewed intersections.     

Factors with the greatest influence on drivers' judgment of roundabouts safety. An analysis based on web survey in Italy

The aim of this paper is to identify the roundabout geometric characteristics affecting the safety perception while the typical maneuvers (entry, circulation, exit) are being carried out. The tool used was an on-line questionnaire, filled out by about 1.650 respondents. Four different dimensionality reduction methods (Cluster Analysis, Correspondence Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis) were used to analyze the data collected from the survey, in order to examine the key factors affecting the safety perception during the typical roundabout maneuvers. The considerations arising from the final model are the following: 1) the respondents' opinions regarding the safety perception of maneuvers are not preconceived ideas, but they originate from specific safety perceptions due to roundabout geometric configurations; 2) the users prefer definitely single lane roundabouts; this is an important confirmation of most results in the literature; 3) it was quantified the extent of the relationship between the safety perception of the typical roundabout maneuvers and the following aspects: a) maneuver type, b) geometric characteristics of the roundabouts design elements. This is the innovative aspect of the present research whose results have implications regarding theory, infrastructure and the application of new safety technologies.     

基于3D GIS的地铁施工安全风险远程网络系统

为了进一步提高地铁施工现场安全精细化智能管理水平,结合地铁施工现场实际,提出应当建设地铁施工安全风险远程网络系统。分析该系统功能需求,系统应实现人员、机械设备、环境、监测等信息的管理功能,以及不安全行为与状态评判、冲突风险分析、特殊天气风险分析、预测预警、隐患辨识与管理等功能。经分析,得出系统宜采用3D GIS技术和空间数据库技术。设计系统总体结构,探讨各项功能的实现方法,与现有可视化监控系统相比,其功能进一步拓展,更加智能化、集成化、可视化。     

雾天高速公路交通安全风险评估

以驾驶模拟器作为数据采集平台,采集雾天高速公路不同能见度车辆的车头时距数据,对车头时距分区间统计,不做任何假设,克服了仅以天气等级或是车速和能见度作为风险评估的指标、行车安全等级以仿真得到的曲线图来定性判定的缺点。选取能见度和车头时距作为指标,对雾天高速公路的交通安全进行了风险评估。运用 Fisher 最优分割编写 Matlab 程序。将风险分为4级,以车头时距出现的概率结合损失量的大小确定风险分级标准。采用 K 近邻非参数对风险进行预测,训练集及验证集的分类误差均为0.7%,验证该模型具有有效性。     

上海邮轮通航影响与保障措施研究

为保障上海深水航道内邮轮通航安全,根据上海邮轮发展现状、长江口深水航道资源状况以及超宽交会相关规定,对上海邮轮通航影响进行了分析。分析表明,在长江口深水航道资源紧张、船舶超宽交会要求限制严格、大型船舶船期要求严格的情况下,大型邮轮通航对超宽船舶的通航组织、运营效率具有较大影响。通过文献研究、经验总结等方法,从航道资源建设、航道安全管理要求和船舶的运营效率三个方面着手,提出上海邮轮通航的对策,指出当下亟需制订邮轮与其他大型船舶超宽交会的标准,落实邮轮锚地建设以及配套,确定邮轮与其他船舶进出港的优先级标准,并完善邮轮监管体系,为上海邮轮航道通航安全提供支持和保障。     

平安交通评价指标体系构建

为促进平安交通建设,以地方交通运输系统安全管理现状作为评价对象,将反映平安交通 状况的指标划分为否决指标、定性指标和定量指标三大类,构建平安交通评价指标体系,针对指 标特点提出各自的数据来源和评分方法。评价结果综合考虑社会公众满意度、指标数据可靠度以 及指标适用性调整系数。以某省交通运输安全管理现状作为实例对该指标体系加以验证,评价结 果表明由该方法构建的评价指标体系具有一定的科学性和可操作性,得分可反映所在地区交通运 输安全管理工作的综合水平,与经验评价结果基本一致。     

跨既有铁路斜交式公路拱桥施工方案研究

公跨铁立交桥上跨既有铁路线桥梁安装,施工难度大,安全性要求高,时效性要求强,而公路与铁路斜交时难度更大。以某公铁立交桥为背景,系统介绍施工方案比选,无防护棚架防护跨线制梁与安装方案的具体工艺技术和安全措施,方案安全而高效,可为同类工程提供经验参考。     

连接片阻值对电动汽车用动力电池性能的影响

鉴于单体电池间连接片的阻值和极柱的位置影响单节电池的性能,基于Matlab/Simscape开发了单体电池模型,并利用此模型和以电阻模拟的连接片构建了单节电池模型,仿真分析了连接片阻值对单节电池性能的影响。结果表明,连接片的存在使与极柱相连的单体电池最先达到电池管理系统设定的放电截止电压,以致影响电池的性能;与极柱相连的单体电池的率先老化导致与其相邻的单体电池出现过放电的现象,影响单节电池的安全性。最后,设定各单体电池SOC间最大偏差为0.05,对不同并联电池数目的单节电池进行仿真,得出连接片与电池欧姆内阻阻值的合理比例。