高速铁路站场地区空间规划

为了分析高铁站场地区空间布局规律,解决该地区布局规划与交通组织的问题,通过国内外实践性对比和理论研究,提出选址新建高铁站场地区“三圈层”空间结构模式。第一圈层是交通服务区域,具有一定的“刚性”,规模在1-1.5km^2。第二圈层是直接拉动区域,是对第一圈层的功能拓展和补充区域,规模3-5km^2。第三圈层是间接催化区域。高铁站场地区的功能特征基本表现在第一圈层,过渡到第二圈层,“变异”在第三圈层,规划布局及交通组织重点应放在第一,二圈层。最后,对各圈层功能布局及用地类型进行分析,提出了各圈层的规划重点。     

轨道交通车站建筑综合设计模式探索

以深圳轨道交通4号线二期工程(高架段)施工设计为例,分析研究车站建筑设计与城市整体交通规划相协调,车站设计与物业开发相结合,车站建筑与内部装修设计、绿化设计及周边环境一体化设计,车站建筑与标志系统及共性运营设施相协调的综合设计模式。     

汽车智能化冲压车间规划及其发展

本文分析了汽车智能化冲压车间生产流程,分析出车间规划原则有坚持绿色制造原则、坚持柔性化原则、坚持数字化原则、坚持信息化原则。在此基础之上进行了汽车智能化冲压车间规划方法分析,结果表明目前汽车智能化冲压车间规划主要有模糊综合评价和遗传算法分析,其中遗传算法应用较为广泛。指出未来汽车智能化冲压车间规划发展方向是引入神经网络算法进行规划。     

State-of-the-practice assessment of climate change adaptation practices across metropolitan planning organizations pre- and post-Hurricane Sandy

Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) throughout the United States are identifying goals and implementation strategies to reduce the impacts of climate change through transportation adaptation initiatives. Using vulnerability assessments as well as adaptation practices that support mitigation, MPOs are beginning to integrate climate change planning into the long range planning process. Evaluating the state-of-the-practice of adaptation planning and adaptation in support of mitigation is useful in that it helps identify gaps and areas of improvement. Therefore, this research investigates the state-of-the-practice of MPO adaptation planning using the Mid-Atlantic region as a case study. Surveys, administered in 2012 and 2014, are used to identify the level of progress of MPOs with regard to climate change adaptation practices as well as barriers before and after Hurricane Sandy. A cross-sectional analysis using GIS (Geographic Information Systems) maps the results of the surveys and spatially compares regional trends. The results of the case study suggest growing interest in adaptation efforts such as floodplain area designations and efforts to enhance coordination and collaboration as transportation jurisdictions respond to the potential climate change impacts. In addition, MPOs with dense, smaller geographic areas prioritize inter-jurisdictional collaboration as high, suggesting that they are more reliant on other agencies to maintain inter-connectivity of transportation networks and further implement adaptation planning practices.     

Establishing parking generation rates/models of selected land uses for Palestinian cities

Estimating parking demand in Palestine requires more oriented studies towards parking generation to enrich transportation planning, design, and management. Using regional or international models and rates of parking demand may not be appropriate for Palestine. This research is conducted to establish a reference for provision of parking supply for three major types of land uses, which are residential, office, and retail.Seventy-three sites of different land uses were selected through field investigations, interviews, and availability of information for each site. The study covered all main cities in the West Bank, Palestine. Data collection was conducted manually, which contains site characteristics and average of two-day parking counts during three periods (AM, PM, and Peak of the Development).Numerous models and rates were investigated yielding variable statistical accuracies. Most appropriate statistical models/rates were summarized and highlighted for each type of land use, and parking generation models with acceptable statistical significance were recommended, otherwise, parking generation rates were recommended. Simple linear regression, natural logarithmic linear regression, and power were the forms of the recommended models for the studied land uses.This study forms the first step of a future Palestinian “Parking Generation Manual” that should contain various local land use types.     

Survey of the operation and system study on wireless charging electric vehicle systems

This survey investigates the state-of-the-art in operations and systems-related studies of wireless charging electric vehicles (EVs). The wireless charging EV is one of emerging transportation systems in which the EV’s battery is charged via wireless power transfer (WPT) technology. The system makes use of charging infrastructure embedded under the surface of the road that transfers electric power to the vehicle while it is in transit. The survey focuses on studies related to both dynamic and quasi-dynamic types of wireless charging EV – charging while in motion and while temporarily stopped during a trip, respectively. The ability to charge EVs while in transit has raised numerous operations and systems issues that had not been observed in conventional EVs. This paper surveys the current research on such issues, including decisions on the allocation of charging infrastructure; cost and benefit analyses; billing and pricing; and other supporting operations and facilities. This survey consists of three parts. The first provides an orienting review of terminology specific to wireless charging EVs; it also reviews some past and ongoing developments and implementations of wireless charging EVs. The second part surveys the research on the operations and systems issues prompted by wireless charging EVs. The third part proposes future research directions. The goal of the survey is to provide researchers and practitioners with an overview of research trends and to provide a guide to promising future research directions.     

Strategic assessment of capacity consumption in railway networks: Framework and model

In this paper, we develop a new framework for strategic planning purposes to calculate railway infrastructure occupation and capacity consumption in networks, independent of a timetable. Furthermore, a model implementing the framework is presented. In this model different train sequences are generated and assessed to obtain timetable independence. A stochastic simulation of delays is used to obtain the capacity consumption. The model is tested on a case network where four different infrastructure scenarios are considered. Both infrastructure occupation and capacity consumption results are obtained efficiently with little input. The case illustrates the model’s ability to quantify the capacity gain from infrastructure scenario to infrastructure scenario which can be used to increase the number of trains or improve the robustness of the system.     

When human beings are like drunk robots: Driverless vehicles,ethics, and the future of transport

It is often argued that driverless vehicles will save lives. In this paper, we treat the ethical case for driverless vehicles seriously and show that it has radical implications for the future of transport. After briefly discussing the current state of driverless vehicle technology, we suggest that systems that rely upon human supervision are likely to be dangerous when used by ordinary people in real-world driving conditions and are unlikely to satisfy the desires of consumers. We then argue that the invention of fully autonomous vehicles that pose a lower risk to third parties than human drivers will establish a compelling case against the moral permissibility of manual driving. As long as driverless vehicles aren’t safer than human drivers, it will be unethical to sell them. Once they are safer than human drivers when it comes to risks to 3rd parties, then it should be illegal to drive them: at that point human drivers will be the moral equivalent of drunk robots. We also describe two plausible mechanisms whereby this ethical argument may generate political pressure to have it reflected in legislation. Freeing people from the necessity of driving, though, will transform the relationship people have with their cars, which will in turn open up new possibilities for the transport uses of the automobile. The ethical challenge posed by driverless vehicles for transport policy is therefore to ensure that the most socially and environmentally beneficial of these possibilities is realised. We highlight several key policy choices that will determine how likely it is that this challenge will be met.     

Connectivity-based optimization of vehicle route and speed for improved fuel economy

Traditionally, vehicle route planning problem focuses on route optimization based on traffic data and surrounding environment. This paper proposes a novel extended vehicle route planning problem, called vehicle macroscopic motion planning (VMMP) problem, to optimize vehicle route and speed simultaneously using both traffic data and vehicle characteristics to improve fuel economy for a given expected trip time. The required traffic data and neighbouring vehicle dynamic parameters can be collected through the vehicle connectivity (e.g. vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-infrastructure, vehicle-to-cloud, etc.) developed rapidly in recent years. A genetic algorithm based co-optimization method, along with an adaptive real-time optimization strategy, is proposed to solve the proposed VMMP problem. It is able to provide the fuel economic route and reference speed for drivers or automated vehicles to improve the vehicle fuel economy. A co-simulation model, combining a traffic model based on SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility) with a Simulink powertrain model, is developed to validate the proposed VMMP method. Four simulation studies, based on a real traffic network, are conducted for validating the proposed VMMP: (1) ideal traffic environment without traffic light and jam for studying the fuel economy improvement, (2) traffic environment with traffic light for validating the proposed traffic light penalty model, (3) traffic environment with traffic light and jam for validating the proposed adaptive real-time optimization strategy, and (4) investigating the effect of different powertrain platforms to fuel economy using two different vehicle platforms. Simulation results show that the proposed VMMP method is able to improve vehicle fuel economy significantly. For instance, comparing with the fastest route, the fuel economy using the proposed VMMP method is improved by up to 15%.     

计算机辅助零件编码软件（DTN.CAC）的研究

本文在研制计算机辅助零件编码软件(DTN.CAC)的实践基础上,阐明了软件的设计思想,论述了软件的研制方法及程序结构.该软件具有良好的适用性、可靠性和可扩性,编码效率高,出错率低,精度代码的生成具有特色,并已经过生产使用验证.软件采用汉字 dBASEⅢ数据库语言,适用于 IBM-PC 及其兼容机.