桥台锥坡基础曲线方程的推导及应用

对传统的桥台锥坡基础曲线的放样依据和方法进行了革新,明确地提出了桥台锥坡基础曲线的数学方程,并以实例说明了方程的应用方法。     

Light Rail Rapid Transit systems for more sustainable ground accessibility of airports

This paper investigates the potential of Light Rail Rapid Transit (LRRT) to mitigate the environmental and social burden of ground access systems of an airport. This implies, on the one hand, LRRT's capability in mitigating externalities in terms of noise, air pollution/climate change, traffic incidents/accidents and congestion of airport ground access systems and, on the other, the provision of sufficient capacity to accommodate generally increasing volumes of both air passenger and airport employee demand by connecting the airport to its core catchment area. A methodology for assessing the capability of LRRT operating as an airport ground access system is developed. This methodology consists of models to analyze and predict demand and capacity for an LRRT system and models to quantify the externalities of particular airport ground access systems as well as assessing their prospective savings thanks to the introduction of an LRRT system. The methodology is applied to a large European airport – Amsterdam Schiphol (the Netherlands) – using a ‘what-if?’ scenario approach.     

峡谷底斜拉桥抗风性能改善试验研究

采用节段模型风洞试验的方法对某峡谷底斜拉桥---西藏迫龙沟斜拉桥的抗风性能进行了改善研究。首先,借助于地形风洞试验结果获得了桥位处风攻角和风偏角大小,并确定了大桥颤振检验风速和颤振试验的风攻角范围;然后,考察了大桥原方案的颤振稳定性并通过气动措施改善了原方案的颤振性能;最后检验了施加气动措施前后大桥涡激共振特性。研究结果表明：峡谷底大跨度桥梁的设计基准高度可参照桥面高度确定,但有必要进行地形试验确定桥位处风攻角和风偏角的实际情况;迫龙沟大桥颤振稳定性出现了＆#177;3＆#176;和0＆#176;风攻角下满足要求而5＆#176;风攻角下不满足要求的现象,因此峡谷底大跨度桥梁颤振稳定性检验只进行《规范》建议的风攻角试验可能存在安全隐患;颤振性能改善措施选取时,应考虑斜风的不利影响,确保大桥有足够的颤振稳定性安全储备。     

A hybrid Bayesian Network approach to detect driver cognitive distraction

Driver cognitive distraction (e.g., hand-free cell phone conversation) can lead to unapparent, but detrimental, impairment to driving safety. Detecting cognitive distraction represents an important function for driver distraction mitigation systems. We developed a layered algorithm that integrated two data mining methods—Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) and supervised clustering—to detect cognitive distraction using eye movement and driving performance measures. In this study, the algorithm was trained and tested with the data collected in a simulator-based study, where drivers drove either with or without an auditory secondary task. We calculated 19 distraction indicators and defined cognitive distraction using the experimental condition (i.e., “distraction” as in the drives with the secondary task, and “no distraction” as in the drives without the secondary task). We compared the layered algorithm with previously developed DBN and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms. The results showed that the layered algorithm achieved comparable prediction performance as the two alternatives. Nonetheless, the layered algorithm shortened training and prediction time compared to the original DBN because supervised clustering improved computational efficiency by reducing the number of inputs for DBNs. Moreover, the supervised clustering of the layered algorithm revealed rich information on the relationship between driver cognitive state and performance. This study demonstrates that the layered algorithm can capitalize on the best attributes of component data mining methods and can identify human cognitive state efficiently. The study also shows the value in considering the supervised clustering method as an approach to feature reduction in data mining applications.     

城市抗震救灾道路网络规划研究

科学合理地规划城市道路网络,使之满足抗震救灾需要,对于震后救援及灾后重建具有重要意义。提出了由三级网络组成的抗震救灾主干网,并给出了路段抗震可靠性的计算方法,通过路段的抗震可靠性分析,找到路网中的薄弱环节,进而提出抗震救灾主干网抗震可靠性的计算方法,为抗震救灾主干网的规划及评价提供依据。     

气泡混合土抗冻融循环性能试验研究

为解决冻土地区普通路基由于保温性能差导致的路基病害问题,采用保温隔热性能好的气泡混合土作为路基填料,可起到保护冻土、减少病害的作用。为探讨气泡混合土的抗冻性能,选取了不同容重的气泡混合土试件进行冻融循环试验研究,研究气泡混合土质量及强度损失规律,从而获知气泡混合土的容重对其抗冻性能的影响;进而,向气泡混合土试件中掺入玻璃纤维,探讨其对气泡混合土抗冻性能的增强作用。结果表明：气泡混合土的抗冻性能随着容重的增大而提高,表现为容重越大,所能经受的冻融循环次数越多,抗压强度和质量损失率越低;容重为800kg/m3的气泡混合土试件经过15次冻融循环后抗压强度迅速降低,经过100次冻融循环后,试件的质量损失达到9.2%;而容重为1 200kg/m3的气泡混合土试件在经过50次冻融循环后,抗压强度才开始明显降低,经过100次冻融循环后,试件的质量损失只有4.5%。玻璃纤维能显著提高气泡混合土的抗冻性能,其抗压强度损失率和质量损失率明显较未掺纤维的普通气泡混合土要小,且抗压强度和质量损失的速率明显降低;不同容重的气泡混合土试件掺入纤维后,经过50次冻融循环后,试件的抗压强度损失减少50%以上,质量损失减少40%以上。     

功率变流器拓扑结构共模电压的比较和降低

所有由接地的电网系统供电并向可变输出系统供电的开关变流器拓扑结构,都会在负载装置上产生共模电压.系统地分析了用在交流传动装置上的各种变流器拓扑结构的共模电压,包括两点式电压源逆变器(VSI)、电流源逆变器(CSI)以及多点式逆变器.还分析了每种拓扑结构中使用的有源前端整流器.分析了共模电压的来源,并比较了由不同变流器拓扑结构产生的共模电压幅值.讨论了共模电压和降低共模电压技术的实际意义,并提供仿真和试验结果加以证明.     

孕源断链在土地沙漠化防御技术中的实践剖析

基于灾害的链式理论对现今土地沙漠化问题进行了分析,指出土地沙漠化无论在成因上还是在危害性的表现结果上都呈现出复杂的链式效应,并依据灾害链式效应指出不合理耕作、开采地下水、砍伐树木、过度放牧及日益恶化的生态环境是形成土地沙漠化灾害链的源头因素.根据孕源断链的治灾思路,提出治理沙漠化应从其孕育初期的源头上控制灾害蔓延,切断灾害传播链,并从工程实践入手对其成效进行剖析。     

结合城市轨道交通建设的土地储备机制研究

从加强政府调控土地一级市场的角度,分析了轨道交通建设投融资和土地储备机制相结合的重要性,结合轨道交通站点实施土地储备的量化分析,研究了结合市域轨道交通规划实施土地储备的储备范围、储备方式和储备时机等。同时,以上海市结合轨道交通实施土地储备的运作实例,提出了土地储备运作方案的策略。     

长联公铁两用钢桁梁桥采用速度锁定器装置减震性能研究

长联公铁两用钢桁梁桥固定墩地震响应大,抗震设计困难。通过设置速度锁定装置,并对各种速度锁定器布置方案进行比选分析,研究该类桥梁桥墩采用速度锁定器装置后的减震性能。由于设置速度锁定器装置的活动墩的分担,各方案整体减震率可达到20.5%～47.1%。如锁定墩(设置速度锁定器装置的活动墩)墩高相比固定墩和其他锁定墩墩高矮很多,或者锁定墩一侧未采用速度锁定器装置的活动墩较多,则该锁定墩的地震响应可能超过原固定墩。该类桥梁确定锁定器布置方案时应综合考虑内力和位移的减震效果、锁定力大小,并同时兼顾公路层和铁路层梁-墩相对位移的大小等因素的影响。对长联公铁两用钢桁梁桥,采用速度锁定器装置并优化其布置方案后,可取得较好的减震效果。