Unraveling the relationship between trip chaining and mode choice: evidence from a multi-week travel diary

Abstract

Trip chaining (or tours) and mode choice are two critical factors influencing a variety of patterns of urban travel demand. This paper investigates the hierarchical relationship between these two sets of decisions including the influences of socio-demographic characteristics on them. It uses a 6-week travel diary collected in Thurgau, Switzerland, in 2003. The structural equation modeling technique is applied to identify the hierarchical relationship. Hierarchy and temporal consistency of the relationship is investigated separately for work versus non-work tours. It becomes clear that for work tours in weekdays, trip-chaining and mode choice decisions are simultaneous and remain consistent across the weeks. For non-work tours in weekdays, mode choice decisions precede trip-chaining decisions. However, for non-work tours in weekends, trip-chaining decisions precede mode choice decisions. A number of socioeconomic characteristics also play major roles in influencing the relationships. Results of the investigation challenge the traditional approach of modeling mode choice separately from activity-scheduling decisions.     

Analysis of within-household effects and between-household differences in maintenance activity allocation

This paper investigates the allocation of household individuals to out-of-home maintenance activities using the rich activity-travel diary data from the San Francisco Bay Area. Two inter-related decisions are considered in this context: (i) whether the given activity episode is performed individually (solo) or jointly, and (ii) the person who participates in the activity, if it is a solo activity. To account for the conditional nature of the solo activity person selection, a nested mixed logit modeling framework is proposed and implemented to jointly analyze person allocation for all maintenance activities performed by a household on a given day. The model is used to investigate within-household effects and between-household differences. The proposed model relaxes some important restrictions in person allocation models by accounting for various sources of correlations and relaxing the assumption of constant variance across households. The proposed model is used to analyze the differences in person allocation between different types of households. The results indicate that life-cycle and household role, income, gender, employment status, and several types of constraints (activities including cost, time-availability, vehicle-availability, coordination constraints, and child-care obligations) affect person allocation decisions in the context of maintenance activities. The empirical results indicate the presence of various sources of correlations across persons, over activities, and within-household that are significant. In addition, the data also provides evidence that the unobserved variances in person selection utilities are not constant across households. A better understanding of these within-household interactions and between-household differences may be used in activity-based simulation models and to develop more effective and focused demand management measures.     

Hydrodynamics of a body floating in a two-layer fluid of finite depth. Part 1. Radiation problem

A linearized 2-D radiation problem was considered for a general floating body in a two-layer fluid of finite depth. A boundary integral-equation method was developed for directly computing the velocity potential on the wetted surface of a body which is immersed in both the upper and lower layers as a general case. To do this, appropriate time-harmonic Greens functions were derived, and an efficient numerical method of evaluating those functions is proposed. Based on Greens theorem, hydrodynamic relations such as the energy-conservation principle were derived theoretically for a case of finite depth, and we confirm that those relations are satisfied numerically with very good accuracy. Experiments were also carried out using water and isoparaffin oil as the two fluids and a Lewis-form body. Measured results for the added mass, the damping coefficient, and the amplitude of the generated waves are compared with the computed results, and a favorable agreement is found.     

信号交叉口混合交通流协调优化方法研究

简述了我国信号交叉口混合交通流特征和国内外研究现状,针对我国典型4相位(双向左转)信号控制交叉口,运用包括迟起、早断的信号控制方法,给出了行人和非机动车相应的绿灯间隔时间计算公式和信号相位配时方法,并结合南京市太平北路-珠江路交叉口的实测数据进行了计算,计算结果表明,通过设置行人、非机动车专用信号,能够有效避开混合交通流在交叉口的冲突,提高了交叉口的交通安全性及其通行能力,应用前景较为广泛。同时,还为城市区域信号控制技术和城市智能交通系统(ITS)的研究与开发提供了理论依据。     

高速公路项目管理模式评价

随着我国高速公路建设的迅速发展,如何选用合适的高速公路项目管理模式,以提高高速公路项目管理的科学性和有效性,一直是高速公路项目管理中非常重要的研究课题。本文试图提出高速公路项目管理模式评价的指标体系,并利用层次分析法的原理,通过构造层次分析模型对我国主要的高速公路项目管理模式进行评价,为改善我国高速公路项目管理和促进我国高速公路的建设提供一定的理论基础。     

平动模式下挡土墙非极限状态主动土压力计算

改进了极限平衡理论,用于非极限状态主动土压力的研究。对挡土墙后滑动楔体的片体单元进行了分析,建立了关于非极限状态主动土压力强度的一阶微分方程,得到了平动变位模型下,非极限状态主动土压力强度、土压力合力和土压力合力作用点的理论公式,将计算所得结果与模型试验数据进行对比分析。结果表明:墙体平动变位模式下非极限状态主动土压力强度、土压力合力和土压力合力作用点理论公式的计算结果与已有模型试验结果基本吻合。     

静水压作用下半圆环壳的非轴对称屈曲

本文根据Ｂ．Ｂ．诺沃日洛夫~［１］薄壳理论,应用圆环壳稳定性控制方程,采用幂级数法求解 了静水压作用下半圆环壳非轴对称屈曲问题的屈曲载荷及屈曲模态。     

天津市道路汽车行驶工况的研究

本文研究了天津市的道路行驶工况，将一套车载实测系统安装在一辆华利牌微型面包车上研究天津,市不同道路的行驶状况。用速度、加速度等行驶特征参数为准则数，对天津市各种道路行驶状况作了详细的描述和分析，得出了一个基于实际汽车速度、加速度等准则数的行驶工况，并做了这个行驶工况和欧洲的ECE15、美国的FTP75和日本的10－15工况的对比。结果表明，天津市有它自己的道路行驶特征：市区平均速度低，怠速时间长，加减速频繁，平均加减速度小。     

公路膨胀土加筋地基承载力计算方法研究

结合公路膨胀土加筋地基的受力特点和作用机理及其破坏形式,对国内外常用的公路膨胀土加筋地基承载力的计算方法进行了深入分析,在此基础上,筛选出了适宜于我国公路膨胀土加筋地基承载力计算的宾奎特法和改进的太沙基法及深基础效应法,这对公路膨胀土加筋地基的设计具有重要的指导作用.     

汽车AMT自动离合器的改进模糊滑模控制

提出改进的模糊滑模控制器(MFSMC)实现离合器的自动控制。MFSMC采用饱和函数和模糊自适应系统来缓解抖振现象并提高其鲁棒性;采用局部线性化技术减少MFSMC的模糊规则数满足自动离合器的实时性要求。模拟结果显示所提出的控制器具有快速跟踪预定轨迹、对参数时变和外部扰动具有鲁棒性等特点。