预应力混凝土留孔用塑料波纹管应用中的问题和建议

预应力孔道真空辅助的压浆工艺和留孔塑料波纹管的使用,可提高孔道压浆质量,应在工程施工中广泛采用。     

悬移质含沙量垂线分布

根据尼古拉兹实验结果拟合得到一个新的掺混长度表达式。将新掺混长度表达式与对数流速梯度相结合,得到动量传递系数的表达式。在此基础上假定泥沙紊动扩散系数与对应的动量传递系数相等,进而得到新的含沙量垂线分布公式。该公式与Rouse公式、van Rijn公式以及张瑞瑾公式相比,精度十分近似,有效地解决了Rouse公式表层含沙量为零,van Rijn公式分段表述结构不统一,以及张瑞瑾公式结构过于复杂的缺陷。利用多个海域实测资料对其进行验证,验证结果表明,新的含沙量垂线分布公式能够较客观地反映含沙量垂线分布规律。     

船舶航向保持的鲁棒神经网络控制

设计一个N5-5-5-5-5-5-1前向神经网络,经训练得到一个开环的船舶航向保持控制器,使其能够较好地保持典型输入信号作用下的船舶航向;然后应用闭环增益成形算法,形成闭环控制系统.这种基于神经网络的航向保持方案,将神经网络的适应能力、非线性函数映射能力和闭环增益成形算法的鲁棒性结合起来,改善了系统的鲁棒性能.这种方法设计过程简单,物理意义明显.     

基于分层系数法与混合比法的长江口盐淡水混合规律研究

采用长江口4条入海汊道3个月的水文测验资料,研究长江口的盐度分布格局和盐淡水混合情况,运用分层系数法和混合比法对长江口实测盐度数据进行分析。结果表明:北支汊道的盐度最高,洪、枯变幅大,全年均为垂向均匀混合型;南支3条汊道盐度从高到低依次为南槽、北槽、北港;盐淡水混合强度从高到低依次为南槽、北槽、北港,这与长江口北港分流量大于北槽、北槽分流量大于南槽的格局相对应;枯季的混合强度大于洪季,大潮的混合强度大于小潮。盐淡水的混合强度呈周期性变化,涨急前后垂向混合程度最大,涨潮的混合强度高于落潮时的混合强度。     

混流泵内流场的数值模拟

利用FLUENT软件,采用标准k-ε双方程紊流模型和SIMPLE算法对混流泵内部的三维紊流流动进行数值模拟.通过对其内部流动速度、压力分布的分析,揭示了其内部流动的主要特征,对其性能及改进提供相关信息.     

The structure of dissipation in the western Irish Sea front

We report on an intensive campaign in the summer of 2006 to observe turbulent energy dissipation in the vicinity of a tidal mixing front which separates well mixed and seasonally stratified regimes in the western Irish Sea. The rate of turbulent dissipation ε was observed on a section across the front by a combination of vertical profiles with the FLY dissipation profiler and horizontal profiles by shear sensors mounted on an AUV (Autosub). Mean flow conditions and stratification were obtained from a bed mounted ADCP and a vertical chain of thermistors on a mooring. During an Autosub mission of 60 h, the vehicle, moving at a speed of ~ 1.2 m s^− 1, completed 10 useable frontal crossings between end points which were allowed to move with the mean flow. The results were combined with parallel measurements of the vertical profile of ε which were made using FLY for periods of up to 13 h at positions along the Autosub track. The two data sets, which show a satisfactory degree of consistency, were combined to elucidate the space–time variation of dissipation in the frontal zone. Using harmonic analysis, the spatial structure of dissipation was separated from the strong time dependent signal at the M₄ tidal frequency to yield a picture of the cross-frontal distribution of energy dissipation. A complementary picture of the frontal velocity field was obtained from a moored ADCP and estimates of the mean velocity derived from the thermal wind using the observed density distribution. which indicated the presence of a strong (0.2 m s^− 1) jet-like flow in the high gradient region of the front. Under neap tidal conditions, mean dissipation varied across the section by 3 orders of magnitude exceeding 10^− 2 W m^− 3 near the seabed in the mixed regime and decreasing to 10^− 5 W m^− 3. in the strongly stratified interior regime. The spatial pattern of dissipation is consistent in general form with the predictions of models of tidal mixing and does not reflect any strong influence by the frontal jet.     

A dense water outflow from the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Mixing and the contribution of tides

We use hydrographic, current, and microstructure measurements, and tide-forced ocean models, to estimate benthic and interfacial mixing impacting the evolution of a bottom-trapped outflow of dense shelf water from the Drygalski Trough in the northwestern Ross Sea. During summer 2003 an energetic outflow was observed from the outer shelf ( 500 m isobath) to the  1600 m isobath on the continental slope. Outflow thickness was as great as  200 m, and mean speeds were  0.6 m s^− 1 relative to background currents exceeding  1 m s^− 1 that were primarily tidal in origin. No outflow was detected on the slope in winter 2004, although a thin layer of dense shelf water was present on the outer shelf. When the outflow was well-developed, the estimated benthic stress was of order one Pascal and the bulk Froude number over the upper slope exceeded one. Diapycnal scalar diffusivity (K_z) values in the transition region at the top of the outflow, estimated from Thorpe-scale analysis of potential density and measurements of microscale temperature gradient from sensors attached to the CTD rosette, were of order 10^− 3−10^− 2 m² s^− 1. For two cases where the upper outflow boundary was particularly sharply defined, entrainment rate w_e was estimated from K_z and bulk outflow parameters to be  10^− 3 m s^− 1 ( 100 m day^− 1). A tide-forced, three-dimensional primitive equation ocean model with Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure scheme for diapycnal mixing yields results consistent with a significant tidal role in mixing associated with benthic stress and shear within the stratified ocean interior.     

舰船环形区域配电结构及可靠性分析

舰船电网形式的选择直接关系到电力系统供电的可靠性,其重要性不亚于电站。本文首先对舰船电网形式进行了分析研究,然后利用基于可靠性框图的网络分析法,对几种典型的船舶电网进行了可靠性计算,通过对四种船舶电网的对比分析,得到环形区域配电的可靠性水平高于辐射网结构和电源环形网结构,是舰船电网结构发展的方向。     

水泥土湿喷桩在高速公路海相软土处理中的应用评价

针对海相软土含水量大、粘粒含量高的特点,采用水泥土湿喷桩复合地基处理方式。通过对湿喷桩处理段的大量检测结果进行统计分析,得出的一些结论对于高速公路的软基处理具有实际意义。     

大伙房水库输水工程掺合料试验分析

在大伙房水库输水工程中使用的掺和料主要包括微硅粉和粉煤灰两种。作为隧洞断面岩石支撑和衬砌的重要手段之一——喷射混凝土支护,对TBM隧洞掘进机掘进进度和安全影响极大。喷射混凝土的性能以及可操作性在一定程度上取决于掺和料的品种、性能及掺量等。经过大量的现场试验和现场应用,取得很好的效果。