船闸平板输水阀门动力优化及流激振动特性分析*

针对船闸大尺寸平板输水阀门的流激振动问题,应用模态试验与有限元数值模拟相结合的分析方法研究阀门的 自振特性,指导阀门结构动力优化设计,通过水弹性模型试验研究阀门的流激振动特性。研究表明：阀门自振频率的试验 值和计算值吻合较好,振型完全一致;结构优化后基频显著提高,已完全脱离了水流脉动的高能区,流激振动响应较小, 不至于产生危害。     

并列双线船闸单侧闸墙长廊道输水系统布置及水力学模型试验研究

长洲三线四线船闸为目前国内规模最大的单级船闸。针对其并列布置方案,提出单侧闸墙主廊道闸底横支廊道的输水系统形式。通过水力计算分析及1∶32的水工模型试验研究,提出输水系统的具体布置,确定船闸不同运行方式下的阀门开启方式,得到输水过程的相关水力特性,解决了单侧闸墙廊道布置下闸室水流分布不均的问题。研究表明:提出的输水系统布置是合理可行的,各水力特征值均满足规范和设计要求,且输水系统布置于两线船闸之间,便于管理,减小了工程量,并可减少船闸耗水量。研究成果可为巨型船闸设计及船闸节水研究提供借鉴。     

淮河出海航道滩头整治工程平面方案分析

航道整治需抓住工程实施的有利时机,在通航条件还未恶化前提前预防。以淮河出海航道(红山头—京杭运河段)大淤滩整治工程为例,利用平面二维水流数学模型对滩头不同侵蚀方案产生效果进行计算,分析若不对滩头进行守护将可能导致的后果,说明滩头守护的必要性,并结合河床演变分析提出滩头整治工程平面布置方案。     

单侧边载作用下黏土中单桩负摩阻力特性模型试验研究

桩基础边载作用会在桩周产生负摩阻力,进而危及软土地区高桩码头、人工岛、路基等工程的安全。通过开展黏土中单侧堆载作用下单桩室内模型试验,测定桩身应变、桩顶沉降和水平位移,研究边载作用距离和桩型对桩身轴力及弯矩的影响,探讨桩身负摩阻力、桩顶沉降和水平位移在黏土固结过程中的时间效应。结果表明:边载作用距离对桩身最大轴力和最大弯矩有较大影响;翼板桩会增加桩身最大轴力和最大弯矩;负摩阻力和有效应力系数随时间增长且增速趋缓;增加边载作用距离和添加翼板都会提升桩身中性点位置,在这两组试验中均提升了8.33%。     

异步真空预压法处理超软土的室内试验及机理*

针对真空预压处理超软地基过程中出现的排水板滤膜外土颗粒聚集现象,提出并通过室内试验研究一种新型真空预压方式——异步真空预压法。该法对相邻的竖向排水体在同一时间下施加不同的真空度,实现对超软土的异步真空吸水预压,缓解因土颗粒单向迁移造成排水体滤膜及膜外土体的淤堵。通过室内试验发现,真空度调节对真空预压的处理效果具有明显影响,同时,异步吸水真空预压排水量是常规真空预压的1.1倍,效果优于常规真空预压;通过对异步真空预压法的机理分析,认为异步真空预压法可保持零速面移动范围内的细颗粒含量,防止细颗粒的过量迁移,有助于缓解超软土的固结排水中的淤堵问题。     

长江下游口岸直水道鳗鱼沙心滩头部护滩带工程结构细部处理

鳗鱼沙心滩头部守护工程采用护滩结构,在受径流和潮汐双重影响条件下的应用尚属首次。为保证鳗鱼沙心滩守护工程的质量和整治效果,并保持整治工程结构的稳定性,在分析长江下游口岸直水道鳗鱼沙心滩段水流特性的基础上,根据局部水槽模型成果,对鳗鱼沙心滩头部守护工程护滩带结构进行了细部处理,在保证工程结构稳定的基础上,减少了水毁损失,降低了工程维护成本,节约了工程量,也为相关工程的设计与建设提供参考。     

海洋软土修正剑桥模型在海堤工程的应用

通过对海洋软土进行一系列的室内物理力学试验及静三轴试验,拟合了海洋软土平均应力和广义剪应力值,认为海洋软土的状态线呈双曲线形,并将修正的应力罗德角考虑在模型之中,进一步改进剑桥模型理论,使其更加适应海洋软土的静力学特性。实践证明,海洋软土修正剑桥模型能有效模拟海洋软土的应力应变特性,表现为海洋软土材料的非线性特征以及塑性流动的特征。采用海洋软土修正剑桥模型对以海洋软土为基础的海堤的地基沉降进行数值分析,计算结果验证了海洋软土修正剑桥模型的适用性。     

Fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control for the automobiles’ active suspension system

Two typical criteria for good vehicle suspension performance are their ability to provide good road handling and increased passenger comfort. The main disturbance affecting these two criteria is terrain irregularities. Active suspension control systems reduce these undesirable effects by isolating car body motion from vibrations at the wheels. This paper describes fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control (AFC) schemes for the automobile active suspension system (ASS). The design objective is to provide smooth vertical motion so as to achieve the road holding and riding comfort over a wide range of road profiles. The efficacy of the proposed control schemes is demonstrated via simulations. With respect to the optimal linear quadratic regulator (LQR), it is shown that superior results have been achieved by the AFC.     

Experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle

This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle. Tests were carried out under quasi-steady-state conditions, on a full-scale roller rig, and allowed to point out the effect of different parameters like the wheelset's angle of attack and the ratio between the vertical loads acting on the flanging and non-flanging wheels. On the basis of the test results, some existing derailment criteria are analysed in this paper and two new criteria are proposed. A model of wheel–rail contact is proposed for the mathematical modelling of the flange climb process, and numerical vs. experimental comparisons are used to obtain model validation.     

ISG hybrid powertrain: a rule-based driver model incorporating look-ahead information

According to European regulations, if the amount of regenerative braking is determined by the travel of the brake pedal, more stringent standards must be applied, otherwise it may adversely affect the existing vehicle safety system. The use of engine or vehicle speed to derive regenerative braking is one way to avoid strict design standards, but this introduces discontinuity in powertrain torque when the driver releases the acceleration pedal or applies the brake pedal. This is shown to cause oscillations in the pedal input and powertrain torque when a conventional driver model is adopted. Look-ahead information, together with other predicted vehicle states, are adopted to control the vehicle speed, in particular, during deceleration, and to improve the driver model so that oscillations can be avoided. The improved driver model makes analysis and validation of the control strategy for an integrated starter generator (ISG) hybrid powertrain possible.