Ultimate collapse tests of stiffened-plate ship structural units

An increasingly popular approximate method for assessing ship hull girder ultimate strength is to combine the individual elasto-plastic load-carrying characteristics of each single stiffened-plate unit comprising the ship hull cross section. In order to evaluate methods (numerical and experimental) for developing the load-carrying characteristics (load–shortening curves), a full-scale testing system was designed and constructed to provide data for stiffened steel plate units under combined axial and lateral loads. The system included an assembly of discrete plate edge restraints that were developed to represent symmetric boundary conditions within a grillage system. Twelve full-scale panels including ‘as-built’, ‘deformed’ and ‘damaged’ specimens were tested in this set-up.

The specimens failed by combined plate and flexural buckling, stiffener tripping or local collapse, depending on the magnitude of lateral loads and local damage. Load-shortening curves associated with different failure modes were found to be distinctly different and it was found that a small lateral load could change the failure mode from flexural buckling to tripping. Current design criteria should directly consider effects of the lateral loads on the failure modes and the collapse loads of stiffened plates.     

全强风化岩高边坡破坏模式与加固效果分析

公路工程遇到的全强风化岩高边坡的情况很多。风化岩体的物理力学特性与未风化岩体物理力学性质有很大差异,特别是全强风化岩体,原岩的结构面已被风化改造,对边坡的稳定性已不起控制作用,其工程性质更接近于粗粒土,因此全强风化岩高边坡极易发生破坏。以贵州凯里~麻江高速公路鹅山冲全强风化岩高边坡为例,发现全强风化岩高边坡经常会出现从浅部到深部不同深度的破坏面,圆弧是滑动面的主要形式,并提出了可以采用浅层压力灌浆、中部锚固和下部支挡等措施,分别针对不同深度的破坏面进行加固。这一综合方案不仅有效加固了高达157 m的全强风化岩高边坡,而且防止了水土流失,保护了环境,是一种经济有效的加固方式。鹅山冲高边坡加固已完成5年,一直稳定,植被完好,从中积累的全强风化岩边坡加固模式具有非常典型的意义。     

基于车流结构的计重收费可变附加值模型研究

计重收费是一种最主要的货车收费形式。为了分析货车流对公路交通的影响,均衡货车交通量的时空分布,需对传统计重收费方式进行优化。分析车流结构对公路使用寿命、通行能力、交通安全的影响,建立可变附加值模型,并分别对按车型收费、轮轴收费、计重收费、可变附加值计重收费4种方式在不同车流结构或货车总质量下的100km收费额度进行对比分析。分析表明,若按车型收费,在货车总质量和流量较小的情况下适用性较好;而按可变附加值计重收费则可更加合理地反映货车对道路及交通流的影响。     

某型导弹垂直发射筒底部与潜艇连接方式对比分析研究

本文对比分析某型导弹垂直发射筒底部与潜艇多种连接方式,研究了潜艇深潜时的发射筒变形规律,仿真计算出潜艇深潜时导弹发射筒下适配器部位的变形量,优选出铰接+筒间支板的连接方案为发射筒底部与潜艇最佳连接方式.     

Assessing carbon reduction effects toward the mode shift of green transportation system

Plans are underway to introduce green transportation systems at Taiwan's famous scenic spot, Sun Moon Lake, to reduce carbon emissions. Carbon reduction effects after changing the current lake tour modes are assessed using a nested logit model with a stated preference survey, which investigated tourists' choice preferences. The empirical results reveal that the modes of electric bus, electric vehicle sharing, and bike are clustered in the same competitive group. Travel cost, in‐vehicle travel time, and out‐vehicle travel time are found to be statistically significant with the expected negative effects. In particular, the attribute of carbon reduction is only significant for green tourists, who are willing to pay US$ 3.5/kg of carbon saved. The result indicates that more efficient carbon reduction is possible by restricting the usage of gasoline vehicles rather than improving the service levels of low‐carbon modes. Notably, the effect of parking charges on emission reduction is equal to the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by 4511 trees per day. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多制式轨道交通协同指挥中心的探讨

伴随城市群建设进程的加快,轨道交通建设呈多制式和网络化发展,多制式交通协同指挥系统是多制式交通协同运输的关键,提出打破传统各制式轨道交通间封闭的信息服务模式、运营组织方式及应急指挥体系,构建基于轨道快线、轨道普线和市域(郊)铁路多制式轨道交通一体化全方位监督和管理平台,并从管理体系、总体定位、系统架构、主要功能、支撑系统等方面提出适用的建设方案,充分发挥不同制式轨道交通的比较优势和组合效应,提升多制式交通的综合运输效率、协同处置能力以及乘客出行获得感,对现有交通网络化运营起到支撑和完善作用,并为后续多制式轨道交通协同指挥中心建设提供参考.     

浮体剖面载荷的几种计算方法

水中浮体的剖面载荷计算对于总体强度分析起着至关重要的作用。利用三维势流水动力软件预报浮体的运动及受力响应,以此结果为前提条件,采用三种不同的方法（压力积分法、多体法和广义模态法）。计算浮体的剖面载荷：最后以一个半潜平台结构为算例,并得到三种方法的相互验证。     

碳基超级电容器的快速充放电性能及失效模式

采用基于电动车电池测试规范的超级电容器恒流充放电循环测试时间序列,研究了大电流充放电循环寿命试验中,超级电容器有效容量、充放电持续时间步长等性能指标的衰减规律,以及热能集中、电热击穿等因素诱发的超级电容器瞬间爆燃、表面塌陷等失效模式.