Multi‐objective airport gate assignment problem in planning and operations

We consider the assignment of gates to arriving and departing flights at a large hub airport. This problem is highly complex even in planning stage when all flight arrivals and departures are assumed to be known precisely in advance. There are various considerations that are involved while assigning gates to incoming and outgoing flights (such a flight pair for the same aircraft is called a turn) at an airport. Different gates have restrictions, such as adjacency, last‐in first‐out gates and towing requirements, which are known from the structure and layout of the airport. Some of the cost components in the objective function of the basic assignment model include notional penalty for not being able to assign a gate to an aircraft, penalty for the cost of towing an aircraft with a long layover, and penalty for not assigning preferred gates to certain turns. One of the major contributions of this paper is to provide mathematical model for all these complex constraints that are observed at a real airport. Further, we study the problem in both planning and operations modes simultaneously, and such an attempt is, perhaps, unique and unprecedented. For planning mode, we sequentially introduce new additional objectives to our gate assignment problem that have not been studied in the literature so far—(i) maximization of passenger connection revenues, (ii) minimization of zone usage costs, and (iii) maximization of gate plan robustness—and include them to the model along with the relevant constraints. For operations mode, the main objectives studied in this paper are recovery of schedule by minimizing schedule variations and maintaining feasibility by minimal retiming in the event of major disruptions. Additionally, the operations mode models must have very, very short run times of the order of a few seconds. These models are then applied to a functional airline at one of its most congested hubs. Implementation is carried out using Optimization Programming Language, and computational results for actual data sets are reported. For the planning mode, analyst perception of weights for the different objectives in the multi‐objective model is used wherever actual dollar value of the objective coefficient is not available. The results are also reported for large, reasonable changes in objective function coefficients. For the operations mode, flight delays are simulated, and the performance of the model is studied. The final results indicate that it is possible to apply this model to even large real‐life problems instances to optimality within short run times with clever formulation of conventional continuous time assignment model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

仿真在造船企业管子生产物流系统中的应用

以某造船企业管子分厂产能评估为应用背景,针对生产过程为多班制、多工艺、多工序、混合作业的复杂生产方式,将生产物流仿真系统分为输入层、仿真层、输出层三个层次,采用面向对象的仿真技术,把管子生产物流中的各种要素分为不同的类,构建了管子生产物流系统的仿真模型.并对管子分厂生产能力在不同工况条件下,在不同生产调度策略下分别进行了评估.通过仿真评估帮助决策者制定出最佳的决策,提高生产能力.     

基于多Agent的舰船维修系统建模与仿真方法研究

舰船维修系统是一个复杂系统，传统的建模方法难以表现其行为过程，并正确评估其战时保障能力。简要介绍Agent技术在复杂系统建模中的优势及在军事系统中成功运用的范例，指出它是解决舰船维修系统建模与仿真的有效途径。主要讨论舰船维修系统基于Agent技术的建模与仿真，给出船厂Agent的特征模型和舰船技术状态的环境模型，对船厂Agent的活动机制进行研究。并对系统的复杂性做了进一步的阐述，为今后的研究指明了方向。     

基于Friendship的高速客船特征参数灵敏度分析

对某高速客船利用Friendship全参数化建模软件和SHIPFLOW流体计算软件,在进行多航速的船体艏部兴波阻力优化时,需要将特征参数作为设计变量.通过Sobol优化算法对特征参数的灵敏度进行分析,剔除不灵敏的特征参数,可有效地降低设计空间的维数,从而提高计算效率,节约时间和成本.研究结果具有一定的工程实用价值.     

数字化隧道三维建模分析

为解决既有隧道数字化三维建模的难题,提出利用构件模型库组装隧道的技术路线。整理出隧道构件模型库的分类,并完成各类构件模型的参数设计工作;提出由构件搭建三维隧道模型的具体步骤并将其固化为6个功能组,分析出每个功能组的作用、输入及输出等关键需求;提出继续开发三维隧道设计软件的构想。     

混凝土斜拉桥动力有限元建模与模型修正

为建立准确可靠的混凝土斜拉桥动力基准有限元模型,对1座大比例(1∶15)Ⅱ形截面主梁混凝土斜拉桥试验模型进行了模态测试,分别采用单主梁模式、三主梁模式、梁壳模式和实体模式建立了斜拉桥的初始动力有限元模型;以实测数据为依据,采用基于灵敏度的模型修正技术分别对以上初始有限元模型进行了修正,将修正前后的动力特性计算值与实测数据进行对比,讨论了不同模式建模方法的计算精度和模型修正效果,以及有限元建模的误差来源和模型修正的相关问题.结果表明:初始有限元模型计算误差主要是由建模误差和参数误差引起的;梁单元模型在建模方面有局限性,应根据不同的结构特点和分析目标建立相应的有限元模型;模型修正应与试验相结合,对引起有限元模型计算误差的各种因素进行全面的考虑,正确处理,才能得到符合实际的基准有限元模型.     

基于Pro/E的车体导航式参数化设计系统开发

首先对轨道车辆的车体结构做了简要描述,介绍了车体模块化划分及参数化控制的方法和内容,研究导航式参数化设计系统开发的技术路线并展示了系统运行界面,最后提出系统实施过程中的几点体会,对在企业推广应用该系统具有很好的参考意义.     

UML-HLA协同建模方法及其在多车仿真中的应用

针对复杂实时大系统分布式交互性特点,通过综合对比UML与HLA的特点,提出了基于UML-HLA的列控系统建模仿真方法.在传统建模方法的基础上,采用提出的UML-HLA建模方法,从多个不同的角度建立多车仿真系统的分析模型,包括用例建模、活动建模、结构建模、交互建模和状态建模等,构建起高层体系架构资源库.在分析模型的基础上,建立多车仿真系统体系结构,得到多车仿真系统的设计模型.从性能和功能上对多车仿真系统进行了仿真验证.仿真结果表明:基于UML-HLA的建模方法具有较强的可交互性和可操作性,通过对原有线程机制与定时器控制机制进行优化,采用线程管理机制将原有系统的CPU占有率由50％降低至15％以下,定时器误差控制在0.02 ms范围内,满足了列控系统的仿真要求.     

地面激光扫描和数码相机在化石重建中的应用

三维激光扫描技术作为一项新的测量技术,可以快速高效且准确地获取测量目标的高精度点云数据,为测量数字化的发展提供新的选择。介绍地面三维激光扫描仪工作原理、类型及数据处理方法。以中国地质大学化石林中的化石为例,研究化石点云数据获取、处理、三维模型重建和纹理粘贴的基本方法,试验表明这种方法有效可行。     

The Role of Tradable Credit Schemes in Road Traffic Congestion Management

Abstract

Road traffic congestion is not yet reflected in current market prices within the sector and has given rise to a number of instruments to mitigate the resulting negative impacts. The focus of this paper is the tradable credit scheme — an incentive-based economic measure — in order to address traffic congestion. The research questions are (1) whether the state-of-the-art in the literature suggests that tradable credit schemes could be feasibly introduced to mitigate congestion, and (2) whether a tradable credit scheme could have advantages over other instruments. A brief outline of congestion mitigation approaches is provided first to position this type of economic instrument with respect to other measures. The broad issues in the design of a tradable credit scheme are then presented. Most research to date has focused on the use of tradable credits to manage related pollution, but it is clear there is potential to design a scheme for traffic congestion management. To date this is a novel review of tradable credit schemes that has focused specifically on their role in road traffic congestion management.