船舶烟气余热S-CO2布雷顿循环发电技术发展分析与评述

  目的  旨在应对超临界二氧化碳（S-CO₂）布雷顿循环发电系统外界条件扰动对运行参数可能造成的影响,保证系统高效、安全稳定地运行。  方法  基于Matlab/Simulink平台搭建简单S-CO₂布雷顿循环发电系统动态数值仿真模型,并进行系统瞬态运行特性分析;模拟冷却器参数发生变化时热力循环系统运行参数的变化规律,分析冷源温度波动对系统各部件进出口参数和系统循环效率的影响以及调节手段。  结果  结果显示,由搭建的系统瞬态仿真模型所得结果与实验结果间的最大误差为3.658%;冷却水温度升高2 K会导致压缩机入口温度升高1.4 K,系统需300 s恢复稳定;增加PID控制系统后,压缩机入口温度变化幅值降低50%,系统稳定时间减少62%。  结论  建立的模型能够准确反映系统运行情况,由冷却水温度升高和流量增加对系统影响的对立性为基础而搭建的PID控制系统能够保证系统内CO₂工质始终处于临界点以上,可以保障系统安全稳定运行。     

70%低地板轻轨车建模及动力学分析

建立了70％低地板轻轨车的动力学计算模型,对建模过程中非动力转向架、独立车轮、车体间的铰接结构等关键部件的处理方法进行了分析,并运用SIMPACK多体动力学仿真软件分析了该计算模型的运动稳定性、曲线通过性及运行平稳性等动力学性能。结果表明,该车具有良好的蛇行运动稳定性、曲线通过性及运行平稳性,能够满足运行的要求。     

质子交换膜燃料电池系统建模与仿真分析

本文基于Amesim软件建立完整的燃料电池系统模型,包含电堆、空气系统、氢气系统和冷却系统模型,研究系统操作条件变化对系统性能的影响,结果表明,该模型可对空气计量比、电堆空入压力、电堆氢入压力、电堆水入温度等参数进行敏感性分析,并选出了最优系统运行操作条件及其对应的系统功率和效率输出,支持系统开发和操作条件优化。     

Short-term traffic flow rate forecasting based on identifying similar traffic patterns

The ability to timely and accurately forecast the evolution of traffic is very important in traffic management and control applications. This paper proposes a non-parametric and data-driven methodology for short-term traffic forecasting based on identifying similar traffic patterns using an enhanced K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) algorithm. Weighted Euclidean distance, which gives more weight to recent measurements, is used as a similarity measure for K-NN. Moreover, winsorization of the neighbors is implemented to dampen the effects of dominant candidates, and rank exponent is used to aggregate the candidate values. Robustness of the proposed method is demonstrated by implementing it on large datasets collected from different regions and by comparing it with advanced time series models, such as SARIMA and adaptive Kalman Filter models proposed by others. It is demonstrated that the proposed method reduces the mean absolute percent error by more than 25%. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed enhanced K-NN algorithm is evaluated for multiple forecast steps and also its performance is tested under data with missing values. This research provides strong evidence suggesting that the proposed non-parametric and data-driven approach for short-term traffic forecasting provides promising results. Given the simplicity, accuracy, and robustness of the proposed approach, it can be easily incorporated with real-time traffic control for proactive freeway traffic management.     

Methodological aspects for modeling the environmental risk of transporting hazardous materials by road

The main objective of this paper is to establish the procedures necessary to the development of a model for the environmental risk assessment of accidents involving Transporting Hazardous Materials by Road (THMR). Quantifying the environmental risk is useful in identifying areas with a high risk of accidents, which can be later discarded as main routes; orienting efficient emergency response operations; and assessing policies aimed at reducing these risks. Taking this into consideration, this study endeavors to identify the methodological aspects make possible the assessment of the impacts that arise from accidents involving the transportation of hazardous materials by road and to implement such methodological aspects in a Geographic Information System (GIS).     

A traffic noise model for road intersections in the city of Cartagena de Indias,Colombia

Road traffic noise models are fundamental tools for designing and implementing appropriate prevention plans to minimize and control noise levels in urban areas. The objective of this study is to develop a traffic noise model to simulate the average equivalent sound pressure level at road intersections based on traffic flow and site characteristics, in the city of Cartagena de Indias (Cartagena), Colombia. Motorcycles are included as an additional vehicle category since they represent more than 30% of the total traffic flow and a distinctive source of noise that needs to be characterized. Noise measurements are collected using a sound level meter Type II. The data analysis leads to the development of noise maps and a general mathematical model for the city of Cartagena, Colombia, which correlates the sound levels as a function of vehicle flow within road intersections. The highest noise levels were 79.7 dB(A) for the road intersection María Auxiliadora during the week (business days) and 77.7 dB(A) for the road intersection India Catalina during weekends (non-business days). Although traffic and noise are naturally related, the intersections with higher vehicle flow did not have the highest noise levels. The roadway noise for these intersections in the city of Cartagena exceeds current limit standards. The roadway noise model is able to satisfactorily predict noise emissions for road intersections in the city of Cartagena, Colombia.     

Urban activity pattern classification using topic models from online geo-location data

Location-based check-in services in various social media applications have enabled individuals to share their activity-related choices providing a new source of human activity data. Although geo-location data has the potential to infer multi-day patterns of individual activities, appropriate methodological approaches are needed. This paper presents a technique to analyze large-scale geo-location data from social media to infer individual activity patterns. A data-driven modeling approach, based on topic modeling, is proposed to classify patterns in individual activity choices. The model provides an activity generation mechanism which when combined with the data from traditional surveys is potentially a useful component of an activity-travel simulator. Using the model, aggregate patterns of users’ weekly activities are extracted from the data. The model is extended to also find user-specific activity patterns. We extend the model to account for missing activities (a major limitation of social media data) and demonstrate how information from activity-based diaries can be complemented with longitudinal geo-location information. This work provides foundational tools that can be used when geo-location data is available to predict disaggregate activity patterns.     

Are vehicle trajectories simulated by dynamic traffic models relevant for estimating fuel consumption?

This paper questions the relevance of microscopic traffic models for estimating the impact of traffic strategies on fuel consumption. Urban driving cycles from the ARTEMIS database are simplified into piecewise linear speed profiles to mimic the classical outputs of microscopic traffic flow models. Fuel consumption is estimated for real and simplified trajectories and links between kinematics and the fuel consumption errors are investigated. Simplifying trajectories causes fuel consumption underestimation, from −1.2 to −5.2% on average according to the level of simplification; errors can approach −20% for some cycles. A focus on kinematic phases indicates that the maximum speed reached and the time decelerating are the main influences on fuel consumption. Finally, in the case where maximum speeds are estimated correctly, it is shown that errors committed at each kinematic phase when acceleration distributions are approximated by their mean values, converge towards small errors over complete cycles. A method is developed to quantify and reduce these errors.     

Network-wide impacts of eco-routing strategies: A large-scale case study

This paper quantifies the system-wide impacts of implementing a dynamic eco-routing system, considering various levels of market penetration and levels of congestion in downtown Cleveland and Columbus, Ohio, USA. The study concludes that eco-routing systems can reduce network-wide fuel consumption and emission levels in most cases; the fuel savings over the networks range between 3.3% and 9.3% when compared to typical travel time minimization routing strategies. We demonstrate that the fuel savings achieved through eco-routing systems are sensitive to the network configuration and level of market penetration of the eco-routing system. The results also demonstrate that an eco-routing system typically reduces vehicle travel distance but not necessarily travel time. We also demonstrate that the configuration of the transportation network is a significant factor in defining the benefits of eco-routing systems. Specifically, eco-routing systems appear to produce larger fuel savings on grid networks compared to freeway corridor networks. The study also demonstrates that different vehicle types produce similar trends with regard to eco-routing strategies. Finally, the system-wide benefits of eco-routing generally increase with an increase in the level of the market penetration of the system.     

BIM技术在高桩码头设计阶段的应用

针对传统的高桩码头二维设计过程存在的不足,结合盐城港重件码头工程BIM技术的实践应用,从协同服务器搭建、族库建设以及多专业协同3个方面详细阐述了BIM协同设计方法,并提出了构件参数化设计、工程量明细统计、复杂节点参数化设计、工程出图标准化的BIM设计阶段应用点.研究表明:BIM技术的应用实现了模型元素信息的联动与共享,...