大极差情况下载荷试验承载力取值计算

对于载荷试验的大极差,各种规范没有给出统一的规定,试验数据的处理比较随便,造成不经济或不安全。当极差大于30%平均值或最大值与最小值之比大于1.3时,承载力取值可采用离群值剔除法、变异系数折减法确定。案例计算分析表明,给出的计算公式合理、计算简单方便,可用于各种载荷试验确定承载力。     

基于分子动力学模拟的橡胶改性沥青在集料表面的扩散特征研究

橡胶改性沥青和集料之间的界面作用与沥青路面的耐久性、高温稳定性有着重要联系而现有研究对该界面作用的微观认知尚不够全面。基于分子动力学模拟,以Materials Studio软件为研究工具,构建由基质沥青、天然橡胶沥青、顺丁橡胶沥青、丁苯橡胶沥青（15%掺量）与集料的4种主要矿物组成（石英、方解石、钠长石、微斜长石）两两构成的界面模型,从分子尺度上探究不同沥青组分在4种矿物表面的扩散行为,分析得到不同橡胶类型对其扩散作用的影响规律。结果表明：轻质组分在各矿物表面的扩散作用强于重质组分,相对分子质量对沥青组分的扩散速率起到关键作用;在不同矿物表面,橡胶分子链的加入对于提升沥青各组分扩散系数多为积极作用,且不同类型橡胶作用规律有所不同。研究结果可为不同矿料类型制备适配的橡胶改性沥青提供参考依据。     

京唐港泥沙淤积原因分析

论述了京唐港海区的水动力条件和环境泥沙特性 ,在此基础上 ,对京唐港的泥沙淤积原因进行了分析 ,并由此得出结论 :现状下京唐港平面布局有效地抑制了泥沙的集中淤积现象 ,降低了骤淤碍航的可能性     

海上施工定位方法及精度分析

论述了海上工程定位的方法。从计算方法和精度讨论入手 ,阐述了选取要求及注意事项 ,给出了相应的计算和改正计算公式     

Instantaneous communication throughputs of vehicular ad hoc networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) formed by connected vehicles in a traffic stream could be applied to improve safety, mobility, and environmental impacts of a transportation system. In this paper, we present analytical models for the instantaneous communication throughputs of VANETs to measure the efficiency of information propagation under various traffic conditions at a time instant. In particular, we define broadcast and unicast communication throughputs by the wireless channel bandwith multiplied by the average probabilities that one vehicle is a successful receiver and sender in a VAENT, respectively. With a protocol communication model, we derive formulas to determine the probabilities for an equipped vehicle to be a successful broadcast receiver and a successful unicast receiver/sender, and obtain broadcast and unicast throughputs along discrete and continuous traffic streams. We further examine the impacts on communication throughputs of the transmission range and the interference range of dedicated short range communication devices as well as the market penetration rate of equipped vehicles and the percentage of senders. Finally, we investigate the influence of shock waves on communication throughputs.     

基于局部均值分解与局部离群因子动力电池故障诊断

动力电池故障诊断是保证电动汽车正常运行的关键。提出一种基于局部均值分解和局部离群因子的动力电池故障诊断方法,用于电池组故障识别与定位。通过局部均值分解对电压信号预处理,并根据相关系数高低重构电压信号。进一步提取重构信号的峭度因子作为故障特征输入到局部离群因子算法中,根据局部离群因子算法自适应阈值输出故障电池。采用实车数据验证了所提方法能有效、准确地检测出故障,具有较好的可靠性与鲁棒性。     

东营港区航道工程潮流物理模型试验研究

横流是东营港区港口航道建设中面临的关键技术问题之一。针对东营港区进出港航道工程不同防波挡沙堤布置下航道水流条件,采用潮流物理模型试验进行分析研究。结果表明:南、北防波堤形成后,口门航道处流速较大,从改善通航条件的角度出发,修建防波挡沙堤是必要的;防波挡沙潜堤保持相同的坡度,堤头分别修建至-12 m和-14 m时,口门航道水流流速逐步减小,口门横流也随之减小;随着防波挡沙堤堤顶高程增大,堤头挑流流速会有一定程度的增加;潜堤堤头建至-14 m等深线处、堤顶高程在-8 m左右是适宜的。     

长江大保护战略下河口滩涂的保护对策研究

针对长江来沙持续减少引起河口滩涂侵蚀日益严峻的现象,提出长江口滩涂保护的重要性;并以九段沙、横沙东滩为研究典型,探讨分析不同定位滩涂宜采取的不同保护对策。结论如下:对于生态保护区滩涂,宜通过改变外围环境实施滩涂保护、促进滩面缓慢淤涨;对于非生态保护区滩涂,可采取积极主动的护滩措施,且可通过工程有目的地培育高-中-低滩有序分布的滩涂基底,在实现滩涂资源稳定的基础上提升滩涂生态品质,增强滩涂区域功能,积极响应长江大保护战略。     

深中通道西人工岛岛形对护面块体稳定性和堤顶越浪的影响

针对深中通道西人工岛特殊岛形,利用物理模型试验手段,验证最不利波浪作用下块体稳定性和堤顶越浪量。结果表明:入射波在内凹的岛壁弧顶迅速形成能量聚集,在岛端部外凸出转角处产生波能释放和漩涡流等复杂不利的波态;凹凸多变岛形也导致护面的扭王字块块体咬合性能减弱,多因素影响致使质量5 t设计护面块体失稳,经多次优化后,岛壁堤身段增加至8 t、端部转角特殊段须增加至14 t方能稳定;岛壁越浪规律为沿波浪入射处至端部转角段逐渐增加。将试验结果与规范公式计算结果、二维水槽断面试验结果进行对比,得到结论:受岛形影响下的稳定质量和越浪均偏大,尤其端部转角凸出的特殊区域,因此设计应给予关注,尽量遵循规范的相关规定,即"轴线向外侧拐,保证夹角大于150°以上"的要求。通过试验也再次验证了三维整体试验在稳定性、越浪量和优化设计方面的必要性。     

Using GPS-data to determine optimum electric vehicle ranges: A Michigan case study

Fuel-switching personal transportation from gasoline to electricity offers many advantages, including lower noise, zero local air pollution, and petroleum-independence. But alleviations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are more nuanced, due to many factors, including the car’s battery range. We use GPS-based trip data to determine use type-specific, GHG-optimized ranges. The dataset comprises 412 cars and 384,869 individual trips in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. We use previously developed algorithms to determine driver types, such as using the car to commute or not. Calibrating an existing life cycle GHG model to a forecast, low-carbon grid for Ann Arbor, we find that the optimum range varies not only with the drive train architecture (plugin-hybrid versus battery-only) and charging technology (fast versus slow) but also with the driver type. Across the 108 scenarios we investigated, the range that yields lowest GHG varies from 65 km (55+ year old drivers, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid) to 158 km (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only). The optimum GHG reduction that electric cars offer – here conservatively measured versus gasoline-only hybrid cars – is fairly stable, between 29% (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only) and 46% (commuters, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid). The electrification of total distances is between 66% and 86%. However, if cars do not have the optimum range, these metrics drop substantially. We conclude that matching the range to drivers’ typical trip distances, charging technology, and drivetrain is a crucial pre-requisite for electric vehicles to achieve their highest potential to reduce GHG emissions in personal transportation.