Telecommuting and travel: state of the practice,state of the art

This paper provides an overview of the status of telecommuting in the United States, especially as it relates to changes in travel behavior. Regarding the state of the practice, the paper discusses some refinements to the definition of telecommuting that have developed through increased operational experience. It reports several policy statements involving telecommuting, and explores the appeal of telecommuting as a public policy instrument. It highlights some trends in the implementation of home-based and work center-based telecommuting, and suggests that visible public-sector involvement has been crucial to the increased activity in this area.In sketching the state of the art, the paper outlines some frequently-stated hypotheses on telecommuting and travel behavior, and summarizes current empirical findings relating to those hypotheses. Finally, it suggests a variety of topics suitable for further research. These include studying factors influencing the ultimate adoption levels of telecommuting; impacts on energy/air quality, mode choice, and location/urban form; interactions with other transportation demand management strategies; relationships to the traditional urban travel demand forecasting process; cost/benefit tradeoffs; and telecommuting centers.     

雷达训练系统目标回波信号模拟方法研究

对光学区扩展目标的散射特性进行分析,建立了基于多散射中心及线性调频体制宽带雷达的目标回波模型,同时给出了雷达回波数据的存储模型及处理方法。在此基础上对扩展目标作径向和非径向匀速直线运动两种情况下的回波信号进行模拟仿真为验证回波模型的正确性,对仿真的回波数据分别进行脉冲压缩和多普勒处理,得出的目标的一维距离像和速度维正确地反映出目标特征,表明模型可行有效,为后续的目标特征提取、目标识别奠定了基础。     

半开放式的多配送中心纯电动车辆路径优化问题

电子商务促使越来越多的物流企业采用多配送中心模式优化车辆的配送路径,纯电动汽车逐渐替代了传统的燃油配送车辆,以改善生态环境. 结合多配送中心联合服务模式的特点和纯电动物流车辆的行驶特征,构建带时间窗的半开放式多配送中心纯电动车辆路径优化模型,设计蚁群算法对其求解. 算例对比分析结果表明：半开放式的多配送中心联合服务,能合理利用相关物流资源,改善车辆路径,降低物流费用,但需要寻找合适数量和位置的配送中心进行联合,才能达到节约成本的最佳效果;相比单配送中心,多配送中心联合服务提供了更多潜在的较低价格的充电点,在配送中心补充电量可在一定程度上节约物流成本.     

铁路物流中心规模设计优化模型研究

构建了铁路物流中心规模设计优化的双层规划模型.上层规划考虑了铁路运输成本、公路运输成本及建设成本,使系统总成本最小;下层规划使用变分不等式模型描述用户选择铁路物流中心的均衡态.采用EDO算法进行求解.算例验证了模型及算法的可行性与有效性.     

Defect control at nanoscale and flux pinning enhancement in MgB2 superconductor

Defect control at nanoscale of MgB2 by doping various nanoparticles including Ti,C,nano-diamond,and HoB4,and their roles played to enhance flux pinning force in MgB2 arc compared and analyzed.These nan...     

A model for national freight flows,distribution centers,empty trucks and urban truck movements

Trucks travel both short distances for local deliveries and long distances for transporting goods across the country. Often their travel behavior is tour-based, they run under tight schedules and under curfew on selected roads. Despite these differences from personal travel, in practice truck models largely follow person travel methods. To overcome this shortcoming, a two-layer truck model is developed for the Chicago Metropolitan Area. Long-distance trucks are driven by commodity flows, with distribution centers, rail yards, marine ports and airports being represented explicitly. Empty trucks are accounted for as well. For the short-distance truck model, a novel parameter estimation method makes use of limited data to derive region-specific parameters. The model is fully operational and validates reasonably well against traffic counts.     

多目标格序决策方法在应急物资调拨中心选址中的应用

应急物资调拨中心选址往往以时间效益最大化为主要目标,但同时也涉及到经济、社会、安全和生态环境等众多因素。在时间效益十分接近的情况下,综合因素的考虑会使得"不可公度性"和"矛盾性"时刻存在,再有决策者的不确定性偏好关系也会导致很难对备选方案进行绝对化的优劣排序。本文引入多目标格序决策方法,避免了决策者偏好关系的不确定性,打破了一直以来采用中间值、平均值代替评价值而不考虑评价值分布问题的做法。通过对应急物资调拨中心备选方案的格序化排序,选取最优方案,体现了格序决策方法在微差异性方案比选中的优势。最后应用该决策方法对某地区4个备选方案进行评价,得出结果与实际情况一致,证明该决策方法的适用性。     

基于共识度决策的军事物流配送中心选址研究

军事物流配送中心选址是其规划和运行的重要步骤,其选址问题是多目标群决策问题．在获取专家的权重矩阵和评估矩阵之后,建立了基于共识度水平的战时配送中心选址决策模型,通过计算为获取共识所需对权重向量做出修改的幅度,确定每个方案的共识程度,并给出一个算例说明这种决策方法的步骤．     

多联式氟泵机房空调在地铁设备用房应用的探讨

针对地铁车站设备用房通风空调系统普遍存在功能性、经济性以及运维便捷性等的问题,在系统分析现状与挑战的基础上,结合数据中心空调领域新技术——多联式氟泵机房空调的发展趋势,提出该技术在地铁车站设备用房的应用方案,并以我国北方某城市的标准地下车站为例,与传统方案进行综合技术经济对比分析。结果表明,多联式氟泵机房空调在提升房间控温效果、节约运行能耗、保障空气品质、匹配负荷特性、方便施工运维、降低控制难度等方面具有技术优势;该方案的初投资虽高于传统方案约70万元,但运行费用低于传统方案约22.7万元/年,静态投资回收期约为3.1年,具有良好的经济性。