侧风环境下列车高速通过站台的流固耦合振动

为了考察侧风环境下列车能否临靠站台高速安全通过,采用列车空气动力学和列车系统动力学相结合的方法,通过侧风与列车的流固振动分析获得列车姿态的变化;考虑侧风作用下,列车的姿态变化和轨道几何不平顺的影响,分析了侧风环境下,列车临靠站台高速通过时的气动响应.计算结果表明,与无风环境尾车易与站台碰撞不同,在6 m/s侧风环境下,当列车以350 km/h的速度临靠站台通过时,车头前端是离站台最近的位置.     

弱温差和逆温差时水下热滑翔机相变过程研究

水下热滑翔机利用相变材料发生相变过程时的体积变化作为驱动力,海洋温差条件直接决定了其工作情况.对相变材料在弱温差和逆温差条件下的相变过程进行求解,得出其相变规律,并以此为根据得出了完成相变过程所需的水下滑翔机航程的上限与下限,即临界航程,最后对临界航程进行分析,得出弱温差和逆温差对相变材料的行为阻碍和异化,使水下滑翔机临界航程范围相应的增加或变化异常.     

Rewarding rush-hour avoidance: A study of commuters’ travel behavior

Spitsmijden, peak avoidance in Dutch, is the largest systematic effort to date to study, in the field, the potential of rewards as a policy mean for changing commuter behavior. A 13 week field study was organized in The Netherlands with the purpose of longitudinally investigating the impacts of rewards on commuter behavior. Different levels and types of rewards were applied and behavior was tracked with state-of-the art detection equipment. Based on the collected data, which included also pre and post-test measurements, a mixed discrete choice model was estimated. The results suggest that rewards can be effective tools in changing commuting behavior. Specifically rewards reduce the shares of rush-hour driving, shift driving to off-peak times and increase the shares of public transport, cycling and working from home. Mediating factors include socio-demographic characteristics, scheduling constraints and work time flexibility, habitual behavior, attitudes to commuting alternatives, the availability of travel information and even the weather. The success of this study has encouraged adoption of rewards, as additional policy tools, to alleviate congestion, especially during temporary road closures.     

Modal-split effects of climate change: The effect of low water levels on the competitive position of inland waterway transport in the river Rhine area

Future climate change is expected to affect inland waterway transport in most main natural waterways in Europe. For the river Rhine it is expected that, in summer, more and longer periods with low water levels will occur. In periods of low water levels inland waterway vessels have to reduce their load factors and, as a result, transport prices per tonne will increase. One possible consequence of these higher transport prices is a deterioration of the competitive position of inland waterway transport compared with rail and road transport, and thus a change in modal split. We study this issue using a GIS-based software model called NODUS which provides a tool for the detailed analysis of freight transportation over extensive multimodal networks. We assess the effect of low water levels on the costs of transport operations for inland waterway transport in North West Europe under several climate scenarios. It turns out, that the effect on the modal split is limited. Under the most extreme climate scenario, inland waterway transport would lose about 5.4% of the quantity that is currently being transported annually in the part of the European inland waterway transport market considered. The very dry year of 2003 can be seen as an analogue for this scenario.     

The future tourism mobility of the world population: Emission growth versus climate policy

Much of global passenger transport is linked to tourism. The sector is therefore of interest in studying global mobility trends and transport-related emissions. In 2005, tourism was responsible for around 5% of all CO₂ emissions, of which 75% were caused by passenger transport. Given the rapid growth in tourism, with 1.6 billion international tourist arrivals predicted by 2020 (up from 903 million in 2007), it is clear that the sector will contribute to rapidly growing emission levels, and increasingly interfere with global climate policy. This is especially true under climate stabilisation and “avoiding dangerous climate change” objectives, implying global emission reductions in the order of −50% to −80% by 2050, compared to 2000. Based on three backcasting scenarios, and using techniques integrating quantitative and qualitative elements, this paper discusses the options for emission reductions in the tourism sector and the consequences of mitigation for global tourism-related mobility by 2050. It ends with a discussion of the policy implications of the results.     

离散地层区域摩擦桩承载力的敏感分析

首先对佛山某立交的概况及地质进行了简介。此立交地处鱼塘附近,土层性质变化很大,淤泥层厚度不一。然后对此立交的摩擦桩的承载力进行了敏感分析,并针对其特点对此类地质的下部结构桩基设计提出了建议。     

Study on State Parameter Control of Intake Air in Utility Tunnels Based on BB-MOPSO北大核心CSCD

In order to explore the control method of the intake air state in utility tunnels when the outside fresh air humidity is too high, taking the ventilation works of a utility tunnel section in Pingtan comprehensive experimental area as the research background, this paper proposes the control method of intake air state parameters for ventilation and dehumidification in utility tunnels under normal and accident conditions, by means of the effective ventilation and dehumidification duration prediction model, the evolutionary multi-objective algorithm (EMOA), and in combination with the ventilation control requirements. The results show that the intake air state parameter controller can be adjusted freely according to the different requirements of decision makers for ventilation fan working duration and dehumidifier working temperature and moisture content, and the optimized appropriate control objectives can be achieved, which is conducive to the real-time decision-making of the intake air state parameter control for ventilation and dehumidification in utility tunnels. © 2022, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

A dynamic automated lane change maneuver based on vehicle-to-vehicle communication

Automated driving is gaining increasing amounts of attention from both industry and academic communities because it is regarded as the most promising technology for improving road safety in the future. The ability to make an automated lane change is one of the most important parts of automated driving. However, there has been little research into automated lane change maneuvers, and current research has not identified a way to avoid potential collisions during lane changes, which result from the state variations of the other vehicles. One important reason is that the lane change vehicle cannot acquire accurate information regarding the other vehicles, especially the vehicles in the adjacent lane. However, vehicle-to-vehicle communication has the advantage of providing more information, and this information is more accurate than that obtained from other sensors, such as radars and lasers. Therefore, we propose a dynamic automated lane change maneuver based on vehicle-to-vehicle communication to accomplish an automated lane change and eliminate potential collisions during the lane change process. The key technologies for this maneuver are trajectory planning and trajectory tracking. Trajectory planning calculates a reference trajectory satisfying the demands of safety, comfort and traffic efficiency and updates it to avoid potential collisions until the lane change is complete. The trajectory planning method converts the planning problem into a constrained optimization problem using the lane change time and distance. This method is capable of planning a reference trajectory for a normal lane change, an emergency lane change and a change back to the original lane. A trajectory-tracking controller based on sliding mode control calculates the control inputs to make the host vehicle travel along the reference trajectory. Finally, simulations and experiments using a driving simulator are conducted. They demonstrate that the proposed dynamic automated lane change maneuver can avoid potential collisions during the lane change process effectively.     

公路运输管理存在的问题与促进经济效益的变革措施

通过分析公路运输管理中存在的问题，探讨提升经济效益的变革措施。可为有效地节约公路建设投入资金和充分利用现有资源提供参考，以缓解交通行业资源和能源消耗巨大这一难题。     

Brain limbic system-based intelligent controller application to lane change manoeuvre

This paper presents the application of a novel neuromorphic control strategy for lane change manoeuvres in the highway environment. The lateral dynamics of a vehicle with and without wind disturbance are derived and utilised to implement a control strategy based on the brain limbic system. To show the robustness of the proposed controller, several disturbance conditions including wind, uncertainty in the cornering stiffness, and changes in the vehicle mass are investigated. To demonstrate the performance of the suggested strategy, simulation results of the proposed method are compared with the human driver model-based control scheme, which has been discussed in the literature. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed controller in energy efficiency, driving comfort, and robustness.