钢-混凝土双面组合连续箱梁负弯矩区有限元分析

钢-混凝土双面组合箱梁是由两个H型钢作钢骨架,并与上下两块混凝土板组合形成的箱形截面,可用于连续梁的负弯矩区。推导得到了负弯矩区截面弹性刚度和塑性极限弯矩的计算公式。建立集中力作用下双面组合连续箱梁负弯矩区的Ansys分析模型,得到了组合梁的荷载挠度曲线、截面应力和应变变化曲线以及钢与混凝土交界面的纵向滑移分布。与双主梁组合梁和普通组合箱梁的受力性能做比较,显示了双面组合箱梁承载能力和变形能力的优越性。     

Why do some motorbike riders wear a helmet and others don’t? Evidence from Delhi,India

Road traffic accident fatalities lead to important private and social costs in the metropolitan areas of most low and middle income countries. An important share of these fatalities is due to injuries to the head and the neck. Helmets can provide efficient protection, but many drivers do not use them. We focus on helmet use behavior among motorbike users in Delhi. We use a detailed data set collected for the purpose of the study. To guide our empirical analysis, we rely on a model in which drivers decide on self-protection and self-insurance. The empirical findings suggest that risk-averse drivers are more likely to wear a helmet and that this has no systematic effect on speed. Helmet use also increases with education. Drivers who show a higher awareness of road risks seem to be both more likely to wear a helmet and to speed less. Controlling for risk awareness, we observe that drivers tend to compensate between speed and helmet use. The results can provide a basis for awareness-raising policies. They also show that improvements to the road infrastructure risk leading to risk-compensating behavior.     

Safety modeling for two‐way left‐turn lanes and a procedure to identify two‐way left‐turn lane segments with safety concerns

In the past, two‐way left‐turn lane (TWLTL) median treatments have been frequently used in Florida to inexpensively improve traffic and safety performances. In order to identify factors that may have significant impacts on safety operations in TWLTL sections and to identify TWLTL locations that present existing and future safety concerns, a research project was carried out and results are summarized in the paper. In the research, a three‐year crash history database with crashes and section characteristics from a total of 1688 TWLTL sections all over Florida was developed and used. A negative binomial regression model was developed to determine the statistical relationship between the number of crashes per mile per year and several variables such as traffic volume, access density, posted speed, and number of lanes. In regard to the methodology, in order to identify locations with safety concerns, several steps are needed: development of real crash data distribution, determination of statistical distribution models that better represent the actual crash data, determination of percentile values for the average number of crashes, estimation of crash rates for sections with the same characteristics, estimation of critical values for the variables corresponding to the percentile values for average number of crashes, calculation of tables of critical average annual daily traffic values, and generation of a list of TWLTL locations with critical safety concerns. Results presented in the paper have been used in real applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

负温混凝土冻害及防冻模型的探讨

通过分析温度对混凝土的损伤机理,尤其是混凝土冻害机理,发展了抗冻临界强度理论和早期结构形成学说,从微观角度定性地描述了负温混凝土防止早期冻害所要形成的结构为抗冻临界界面结构。     

真空-堆载联合预压下地基抗剪强度计算的研究

在深入分析真空预压加固机理及地基强度增长理论的基础上，对真空-堆载联合预压与堆载预压地基土体的抗剪强度增长差别进行分析，并在堆载预压抗剪强度计算公式的基础上，应用此差值推导出正负压联合作用下的真空-堆载联合预压地基抗剪强度计算公式。     

世界高速电气化铁道电能质量现状及治理措施

介绍了国际高速电气化铁道电能质量的现状、有关标准和改善电能质量方面的进展.探讨了我国为提高电能质量在接入系统电压等级、短路容量、供电方式、变压器类型、机车类型、接触网设计等方面应该采取的措施,在已运营电气化铁道上如何通过在机车侧、牵引变电所和公共连接点加设补偿滤波装置以及合理安排行车调度等方式来改善电能质量,并应考虑同相供电和高压直流供电等新型的供电方式.     

基于负阀重叠EGR策略的HCNG发动机仿真

为降低HCNG发动机NOx排放,采用负阀重叠EGR策略,利用AVL-Fire软件对HCNG发动机不同进气门开启角(θIVO)下的进气过程和燃烧过程进行了三维仿真计算,对比分析了采用负阀重叠前后发动机缸内EGR分布和燃烧过程。仿真结果表明:负阀重叠EGR策略下,排气门关闭角(θEVC)固定为340°曲轴转角不变,当θIVO为380°曲轴转角时,既可避免发生回火又能保证一定的进气量及充气效率;采用负阀重叠后,在压缩冲程后期,缸内EGR率呈梯度分布(靠近火花塞位置EGR率较低),更有利于着火及火焰传播;采用负阀重叠可降低缸内最高燃烧压力及最高温度,但会减少进入气缸的新鲜工质,降低发动机功率;通过负阀重叠实现内部EGR可降低NOx排放,但会导致着火困难,燃烧速度变慢;提高点火能量可缩短着火落后期和燃烧持续期,加快燃烧速度。     

基于流固耦合模型的负压式EGR阀传热研究

采用CFD方法,建立了由阀体和阀体内的流体组成的负压式EGR阀的流固耦合传热仿真模型,进行了流体与固体之间的共轭传热仿真。仿真及试验结果表明,在上阀体设计冷却水道,有助于改善阀体的换热状况,能很好地满足安装在上阀体的密封环以及其他附件工作温度要求。     

连续结合梁桥负弯矩区混凝土板裂缝宽度控制方法研究

连续结合梁桥负弯矩区混凝土板裂缝宽度控制是施工设计中的重要一环,控制效果直接关系到结构的安全性和耐久性。笔者受设计部门委托,在多年试验研究的基础上,结合施工方法,例举并阐述了多种裂缝宽度控制方法及其原理,对其控制效果作了综合比较。对高速铁路(40 50 40)m连续结合梁初步设计方案提出了建议,已供设计部门参考。     

锂离子二次电池石墨烯基负极材料研究进展

石墨烯是构建其它维数碳质材料基本单元,因其优异的导电性,良好的机械性能,成为了当前材料科学领域研究的热点。石墨烯基纳米材料更是处在当前化学研究的最前沿。本文重点阐述了石墨烯基负极材料的最新研究进展,主要包括石墨烯基负极材料的储锂机理、石墨烯与硅复合负极材料和石墨烯与过渡金属氧化物复合负极材料的研究进展,并展望了石墨烯基负极材料的应用前景。