8K机车辅助电源能流循环试验台变流系统

能流循环试验台是针对8K机车辅助电源系统测试而设计的节能试验装置,用于辅助电源变流系统的日常测试和维护.辅助电源变流系统由晶闸管整流器和被测IGBT逆变器组成,负载采用PWM整流器控制输出电流.变流系统由以DSP为核心的数字控制系统控制.试验证明,该试验台能在满足额定功率测试的条件下,大大节约电能,减少噪声污染.     

利用汽车制动能量提高发动机充量系数的仿真研究

分析了汽车制动能量回收再利用的几种典型方式及现状,研究了利用汽车制动能量提高发动机充量系数,从而提高发动机功率的理论依据,并利用GT-POWER软件进行了模拟分析。分析表明,利用制动能量能有效提高发动机的充量系数。     

既有线铁路路基密实状态检测方法研究

针对现行既有线铁路路基检测中存在的技术缺陷,提出既有线路基检测新方法—可变能量贯入测试法,通过检测贯入阻力评价既有路基密实状态,达到不干扰行车、检测深度大、数据准确直观的目的。同时通过理论分析及现场对比试验研究,论证了采用可变能量贯入测试法检测贯入阻力评价铁路路基密实状态的可行性,并提出适于既有路基密实状态检测的建议标准。该成果的研究对优化我国既有线检测方法,保障行车安全具有积极意义。     

提升住宅内在质量的新理念

从提升住宅内在质量的角度,提出了住宅空间、户内环境、绿化、区内交通、中水处理等住宅建设新理念,阐述了住宅的“舒适、健康、节能、环保”是今后住宅建设的发展方向。     

沥青混合料低温性能评价指标研究

通过对现有评价沥青混合料低温性能的试验方法和评价指标的对比,提出低温弯曲和弯曲蠕变试验是较为经济可行的试验方法。破坏能是较好的评价沥青混合料低温性能的指标。应用低温弯曲和弯曲蠕变试验所得数据,给出了破坏能的简单计算方法。     

多层反馈混沌神经网络及其在交叉口优化控制中的应用

研究城市交叉口交通控制信号优化配时问题。以Hopfield网络和混沌模型为基础,开发了多层反馈混沌神经网络,将其应用于城市交通控制信号配时优化,并开发了应用于优化计算的能量函数和车辆平均延误计算式;探讨了城市交通系统的混沌特性,并开发混沌定量判别算法。以广东某交叉路口为对象进行了仿真,结果表明:与传统的配时方法相比,采用所开发的多层反馈混沌神经网络进行优化配时,交叉路口车辆的平均延误可以平均减少25.1%,可以大大提高路口的通行效率。该网络也可以应用于其他对象的优化。     

杭州湾跨海大桥监测系统中应变传感器的优化布点

传感器优化布点问题是大桥监测系统的重要研究课题之一,针对在建的世界上最长的跨海大桥之一———杭州湾跨海大桥,对健康与安全监测系统中应变传感器的优化布点问题进行了研究,该文主要通过基于结构应变模态得到的广义应变能密度对桥梁应变传感器布点进行分析,并且综合考虑实际测试的情况,结合恒载作用下结构的应变情况,得出大桥应变传感器的布点,实现结构状态信息的最优采集。     

沥青混合料旋转压实密实曲线信息及其应用

为了在配合比设计阶段预测沥青混合料的可施工特性和路用性能,采用高性能沥青路面(Superpave)旋转压实仪SGC对美国战略公路研究计划(SHRP)中推荐的粗、细沥青混合料进行了旋转压实,对密实曲线作了深入分析,提出了密实曲线斜率和密实能量指数概念以反映沥青混合料的内在信息。采用该方法对两种级配沥青混合料施工可压实特性和抵抗交通荷载抗变形能力进行了分析并结合车辙试验和试验路对指标的合理性进行了验证,研究表明:粗型级配沥青混合料的抗变形能力未必优于细型级配沥青混合料。     

Annual uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the Weddell Sea derived from a surface layer balance, including estimations of entrainment and new production

Data from two cruises, one in April/May 1996 and one in December/January 1993, covering the same wide area in the offshore Weddell Sea, were used to derive the annual extent of entrainment and the capacity of the biological pump. The former property was obtained with the help of dissolved oxygen data, whereas the latter was approximated with nutrients. Especially the data from April/May, representing the initial state of the winter surface layer, were crucial to assess the annual extent of these processes. The results were applied to our carbon dioxide data. The annual increase of the Total CO₂ (TCO₂) concentration in the surface layer due to vertical transport amounts to 16.3 μmol kg⁻¹. An entrainment rate of deep water in the surface layer amounting to 35±10 m yr⁻¹ was deduced. The compensating, biologically mediated TCO₂ reduction was calculated to be larger than the TCO₂ increase due to vertical transport. Since the balance of these two processes determines whether the Weddell Sea is a source or a sink of CO₂, this indicates that the Weddell Sea, albeit upwelling area, is definitely a sink for atmospheric CO₂ on an annual basis. This conclusion is further supported by contemplations that the biological drawdown of CO₂ in the Weddell Sea as a whole is probably underestimated by our calculations. The new production for the Weddell Sea on a per unit area basis was found to be much higher than that for the Antarctic Ocean, when the latter value is being obtained by traditional biological methods. On the other hand, the CO₂ uptake by the Weddell Sea on a per unit area basis is somewhat smaller than the CO₂ uptake by the world ocean.     

Regulating transport’s environmental impacts in a deregulating world

In recent years, a growing awareness of the environmental impacts of transport has played a major part in the shift towards policies to manage the demand for travel. As a result, a substantial increase in the role of public transport has been identified as necessary in any strategy towards more environmentally sustainable transport patterns. At the same time there has been a quite separate process of deregulation and the withdrawal of the state from the transport market. These two trends appear to represent potentially contradictory processes. This article draws upon two major studies that explore the relationship between increasing needs for environmental regulation and the privatisation of bus and rail services. It is shown that, as currently organised in Britain, the development of bus and rail services are inadequately linked to strategic environmental policymaking and, rather than being part of the solution to transport’s environmental impacts, there is a real danger that these ‘green’ methods of transport could slide into simply being part of the problem itself. It is concluded that privatisation and deregulation does not mean the end of the need for policy mechanisms, but they do mean that policy has to be implemented in a very different way.