大断面黄土隧道围岩变形监控量测技术

结合郑西铁路客运专线高桥大断面黄土隧道的监控量测工作,详细介绍了无尺量测技术的观测系统、观测方法、观测要点和观测精度,以及量测数据的计算、应用和回归分析方法,为类似软弱隧道的监控量测工作提供参考和借鉴。     

混三五百分位女性假人颈部标定中转角测量技术研究

在混三五百分位女性假人颈部标定试验中,由于其颈部直径较小,使得转角传感器的质量对头颈部整体的质心偏扭作用增大,从而影响了假人颈部转角的测量精度。采用在转角测量传感器相对侧增加平衡块装置的方法,以平衡颈部偏扭作用的影响,并结合高速摄像运动分析,对比了施加平衡块前后得到的转角测量数据。结果表明:该方法明显改善了头颈部的偏扭作用,提高了颈部转角测量精度。     

用于车身材料力学试验的非接触测量系统开发

基于静、动态试验平台分别搭建了相应的非接触测量系统,采用数字图像相关法(DICM)提取变形信息,实施了车身材料和点焊构件试验的变形测量。静态试验的引伸计和非接触变形测量对比以及LY12cz铝合金材料的静动态试验对比显示,非接触测量是准确可靠的。与传统变形测量方法相比,非接触测量在全场变形获取、平台兼容和结果可靠性等方面都表现出优势。     

基于波束形成和双目视觉的行驶汽车噪声源识别

提出一种基于波束形成原理,声阵列与双目视觉相结合的行驶汽车噪声源识别方法。通过对两台摄像机所拍摄图像的分析,计算出车辆的实时位置;将运动过程划分为若干时段进行声场重建,得出汽车行驶过程中的动态声场视频。试验结果表明,应用该方法能够准确识别运动中汽车的主要噪声源,且可更加直观地看到汽车噪声的动态变化。     

车用乙醇燃料对发动机排放影响的试验研究

在M111发动机台架上,采用GB/T 19230.6—2003规定的试验方法,研究不同油品对发动机进气阀、燃烧室等部位沉积物的影响,同时用五组分分析仪随车检测发动机NOx,CO和HC的排放浓度。结果显示,乙醇汽油虽能有效降低CO的排放,但是NOx排放较高,HC排放略微增加,进气阀积炭较为严重。应加入有效的汽油清净剂改善排放。     

Feasibility of localizing in vivo micro-devices with electromagnetic methods

In order to measure the location of medical micro-devices in the gastrointestinal tract, electromagnetic methods were developed considering the magnetic permeability of human bodies. Two varieties of electromagnetic localization methods have been implemented： one uses direct current（DC） to generate the electromagnetic field, and the other uses alternating current （AC）. The two varieties of the localization principle were analyzed and relevant experiments were made. The experiments show that the alternating electromagnetic method acquires higher accuracy, higher stability and wider measurement range.     

The cumulative effect of nuisances from road transportation in residential sectors on the Island of Montreal – Identification of the most exposed groups and areas

Air pollution and road traffic noise are considered to be the two most important nuisances that could negatively affect the quality of life. A prolonged exposure to high concentrations of these pollutants could conduct to various health problems. Studies in environmental equity have often considered these nuisances individually whenever it comes from the same source. The main objective of this paper is to determine if the 15 years of age, those aged 65 and over, visible minorities and low income individuals located in a portion of the Island of Montreal are overrepresented in city blocks characterized by having among the highest levels of transportation-related air pollutants (i.e., ambient concentrations of NO₂ and road traffic noise in decibels (dB(A)). The results show that low-income individuals and, to a lesser extent, visible minorities, are significantly overrepresented in city blocks characterized by the higher levels of NO₂ and road traffic noise in dB(A). Multinomial logistic regression analysis confirms these results, and also shows that young people under 15 years are under-represented in the most polluted areas. However, contrary to the previous bivariate results, people aged 65 and over are negatively and significantly associated with the likelihood of their living in a city block located in an advantaged area after controlling for the independent effects of the other explanatory variables. Moreover, visible minorities are significantly overrepresented in advantaged areas. Considering the observed results, some solutions are identified to reduce road traffic noise and air pollution in the city blocks localized near major traffic arteries.     

基于Labview的汽车油耗检测平台

通过对油耗检测技术进行研究,以Labview软件为开发平台,建立了油耗值计算的数据库系统,研制出一套不解体油耗检测系统.     

实现道路驾驶技能考试自动化的技术基础

实现驾驶人实际道路考试的自动化,需要采集驾驶人、考车及周边静态物体、动态物体的各种参数,仅使用传统的传感检测技术难以满足要求.载波相位实时动态差分(RTK)GPS定位技术、超声波动态测距技术和驾驶人视线方向视频检测技术是三种新的检测技术,可大大提高实际道路考试的自动化检测率,提高整个实际道路考试系统的自动化考试程度,且能保证考试要求的检测精度和实时性要求.     

异形钢桥塔高程精密测量技术

针对传统桥塔高程测量方法受场地、环境等因素影响较大无法满足异形桥塔高程测量要求的问题,本文结合永定河特大桥桥塔高程测量的实际需求,提出了一种基于正负压力变送器测量桥塔倾斜端口高差的方法,并介绍其计算分析方法.全站仪地面竖向高程传递+端口正负压力变送器测量倾斜端口高程的测量方法克服了传统方法中要求测试端口基本平直的限制;温度引起的液态水密度变化会对压力变送器测量高差的精度产生较大影响;通过测量已知基准点高差反算液体密度取值可减小温度影响产生的误差;该测量方法能够满足高度大于100 m的异形桥塔高程精确、快速测量的要求.