减荷拱涵周围土体位移变化的离心模型试验

通过土工离心模型试验,利用拱涵模型模拟了实际路堤的回填材料、沟坡地形、减荷材料、地基形式及施工工艺,并使用图片测量软件分析了拱涵周围土体在未减荷与EPS板减荷工况下的变形运动性状和全局位移场的差异。根据试验结果再现了两种试验工况下,拱涵周围土体随填土高度增加的运动变化过程;模拟了EPS板变形作用下涵顶土拱的形成和基本形态;分析了拱效应影响下的拱涵基底土体的运动情况,发现通过卸荷拱转嫁到拱涵两侧土体的荷载促使基底两侧土体向基底中心运动,从而对基底产生了向上的反力,减小或阻止了拱涵自身的沉降。结果表明:合理模量和厚度的EPS板既可以减荷,也可以起到稳定结构纵向不均匀沉降的作用。     

汽车通过噪声法规的颁布对汽车相关产业的影响

根据新的汽车噪声标准限值,分析了汽车加速行驶车外噪声与相关声源,并结合实例指出新法规对汽车相关产业的影响。     

云南省连拱隧道衬砌开裂和渗漏水调查结果及分析

为了对云南省4条高速公路连拱遂道的健康状态评估提供依据及为以后修建连拱隧道在设计和施工上提供宝贵经验及教训,提高中国高速公路连拱隧道的施工和设计水平,尽可能减少衬砌开裂和渗漏水等隧道病害,采用现场调查方法对云南省玉元、元磨、大保和昆石4条高速公路连拱隧道衬砌开裂、渗漏水等病害进行了较为全面的调查,初步分析了隧道病害产生的主要原因并进行了相应的分类,并据此提出了连拱隧道设计和施工中其相应的病害预防和整治措施,以期为提高中国连拱隧道修建水平提供参考和借鉴。     

钢筋混凝土简支T型梁桥损伤识别的数值模拟

针对实际工程中大量钢筋混凝土简支T型梁桥的损伤、老化问题,对这类桥型进行损伤识别理论的研究。在建立典型T型梁桥有限元模型的基础上,采用便于T型梁桥工程应用的柔度差指纹和损伤确定准则组合成新的识别流程,成功地对钢筋混凝土简支T型梁桥主梁的损伤识别进行了数值模拟。考虑现有检测技术的限制(有限测点及测试噪声的干扰),利用MONTECARLO方法量化了噪声干扰对识别结果的影响。模拟分析的结果揭示了对该桥型进行损伤识别的特点并为其实际的损伤辨识提出了建议。     

多功能气压ABS开发测试系统的设计与应用

为快速开发具有自主知识产权的气压ABS系统,设计了多功能气压ABS开发测试系统。利用该系统,可以完成ABS电磁阀的性能测试、ABS实时混合仿真、道路试验数据再现与加工、气制动系统气压动态特性研究、ABS故障模拟和ABS性能评价等工作。使ABS开发工作由传统的道路试验为主转变为以室内台架试验为主,提高了安全性和经济性。     

摆线轮双棒量法尺寸的确定方法

在分析摆线轮磨齿时所用检测方法的基础上,本文推导出了用双棒量法检测各种修形摆线轮齿形测量尺寸的计算公式,并将量捧直径制订成规范值.据此编制的计算机程序具有计算和绘图的双重功能.     

高精度GPS数据处理方法在公路测量中的应用

针对目前高等级公路测量对点位精度要求的提高,提出了对不同载波的GPS相位观测量进行线性组合后,再利用GAMIT软件数据进行处理的方法,试验结果表明,此方法可以在公路控制测量中获得较高GPS定位精度,即在几公里的距离范围,基线精度可达到2 cm,满足公路控制测量的要求.     

Kernel Generalized Noise Clustering Algorithm

IntroductionFuzzy clustering is one of the important methodsin pattern recognition. The most widely used fuzzyclustering is the fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm[1]which is conceived by Dunn[2]and generalized byBezdek[3]. Based on an objective function, the F…     

优化发动机减振垫降低客车车内振动噪声

客车的车内噪声主要是低频声,它是由发动机和动力总成的振动所诱发的结构噪声,车内的低频结构噪声主要取决于动力总成的低频振动的隔离水平。通过对发动机橡胶减振垫的优化,达到降低客车车内振动噪声的目的。     

Changes in transaction costs over time - The case of franchised train operating firms in Britain

The significant effects of competition, franchising and vertical separation of rail infrastructure from train operation on the level of transaction costs are often anecdotally described in the literature. Although it has been shown that franchising has an effect on total costs, there is very little empirical evidence on whether franchising has an impact on the level of transaction costs over time. One reason for this is, of course, the limited systematic work on the measurement of transaction costs in railways. This paper builds on recent work that applied a top-down approach to transaction cost measurement to identify the size of the transaction sector within rail firms in different EU countries. In cross-country comparison particularly, British train operators turned out to be associated with high levels of transaction costs. However, since the previous work focused on a single fiscal year it did not show any longitudinal effects within one institutional environment or country. Therefore, this paper focuses on British franchised passenger train operating firms and aims to reveal how the transaction sector within those firms has changed over the period 1996/1997-2007/2008 and whether the franchise contract details, such as contract length or the franchising regime, matter. It also aims to estimate the resulting changes in the level of transaction costs and their share in total operating costs for the first time.