船舶水下结构噪声数值计算方法研究概况

本文回顾了舰船水下结构噪声数值计算方面的发展,阐述了应用不同的方法和措施计算水下结构辐射噪声的特点和现状,为进一步研究船舶水下结构辐射噪声提供了参考.     

自由空间中点涡粘性衰减过程中的声辐射及其频谱分析

本文利用奥辛涡(Oseen vortex)模型,应用涡声理论研究了自由空间中点涡粘性衰减过程中的声辐射问题,并在此基础上进行了频谱分析.经分析知点涡粘性衰减过程的外声场具有窄频段、频谱分布曲线峰值特征明显等特点,其远场声压及其频谱分布情况与粘性系数有一定的关联.     

公路水下隧道应急救援对策

公路水下隧道除工程投资大、技术难度高而外,其运营管理也面临诸多困难,防灾救援就是其中之一。如果公路水下隧道内一旦发生事故,其后果可能极具有破坏性和危害性。分析了公路水下隧道运营事故的特点,给出了公路水下隧道事件分类及等级,建立了公路水下隧道突发事件预警等级;针对公路水下隧道的结构特点,系统性地提出公路水下隧道应急救援的基本原则、组织体系和作业流程,并以火灾事故为例,简述了应急救援措施,以期为公路水下隧道运营安全管理提供技术参考。     

某型轿车盘式制动器制动噪声的控制

对某型轿车盘式制动器进行了台架试验,发现该制动器主要制动噪声频率在3kHz附近。采用有限元FEA分析手段对制动盘、制动钳壳体、制动钳支架和摩擦片进行了振动特性分析。结果表明,制动钳支架的7阶振动模态是导致制动噪声产生的原因之一。对制动钳支架结构设计进行了改进,并对装有改进后制动钳支架的盘式制动器进行了台架试验。结果表明,制动器冷态制动噪声从100.5 dB下降为73.4 dB,达到了该车型对制动器噪声的限值要求。     

汽车关门声声品质评价方法的研究

介绍了基于A计权声压级时频特性的汽车关门声品质评价方法,建立了Zwicker瞬时响度与时变响度、Moore瞬时响度与时变响度和尖锐度的计算模型,分析了各种模型对汽车关门声品质评价的适用性;最后建立了以A计权声压级时频特性、尖锐度和瞬时响度为指标的汽车关门声品质评价方法,并通过对两个关门声样本的评价,验证了该方法的可行性。     

集成式SCR催化转化消声器性能研究

运用GT-Power软件对两种不同结构的集成式SCR催化转化消声器进行了声学性能模拟,通过试验研究对比分析了集成式SCR催化转化消声器的压力损失及其NOx转化效率。结果表明:在增加穿孔管后集成式SCR催化转化消声器的消声效果在400~750 Hz区间内受到了削弱,在750~1 000 Hz区间内增强,增加穿孔管后压力损失增加。在绝大部分工况下,增加穿孔管后SCR催化转化消声器的NOx转化效率要明显高于无穿孔管的结构。     

强度折减法分析隧道整体稳定性

为了判断武广客运专线浏阳河隧道DIIK1563+340～DIIK1563+410地段上台阶开挖时围岩的横向稳定性,应用强度折减法原理和有限元仿真软件建立每个强度折减系数下的仿真模型,研究拱顶沉降、地表沉降、主应力和塑性区与强度折减系数的关系,并分析隧道失稳形态.结果显示隧道的稳定安全系数为2.3,破坏首先发生在隧道两侧...     

客运专线运输外部成本分析

结合国外高速铁路运输和我国客运专线运输的外部特征,提出客运专线外部成本概念,重点研究客运专线运输外部成本的具体构成并给出相应的计算模型,最后,针对客运专线运输外部成本内部化进行必要性分析。为此,对我国客运专线外部成本的进一步研究以及社会总成本的核算提供参考意见。     

Safety Evaluation for Freeway Exit Ramp Based on Speed Consistency

Speed differential has direct relationship with road safety. Conventional speed consistency measures draw sample data from independent population that follows a normal distribution. These methods may fall into ecological fallacy and overestimate the safety level of road elements. After deducing the relationship between the difference in operating speed ΔV₈₅ and85(ΔV), the 85^th percentile value of individual speed reduction, this paper recommends 85(ΔV) and speed reduction rate 85(ΔV)R is used to evaluate ramp safety. Point speeds of individual vehicle at freeway diverge area, upper ramp, and lower ramp are collected by radar guns. Safety performance of 37 exit ramps are appraised using three different measures, namely, ΔV₈₅, 85(ΔV), and 85(ΔV)R. The results show that 85(ΔV) is 1.42 to 2.02 times of ΔV₈₅, and that the evaluation result of 85(ΔV)R is between the other two. The measure 85(ΔV)R considers not only individual speed but also the base speed on upstream element, which avoid the pitfalls of ecological fallacy and overestimation possessed by conventional measures. It is a safer and reasonable measure that should be adopted in practice.     

Histological changes following surgically-assisted rapid tooth movement through resistance reduction and distraction osteogenesis in dogs

Objective To investigate the histological changes of rapid tooth movement in dogs treated by resistance reduction and distraction osteogenesis, aiming to establish an animal model and further to reveal the remodeling mechanism of rapid tooth movement. Methods A total of 8 local hybrid dogs were selected as subjects for this study. The second pre-molar was extracted on both sides. The experimental side underwent alvelor surgery for resistance reduction and a home-made tooth-borne intraoral distraction device was installed for rapid tooth movement, while for the other side (control side) only tooth-borne intraoral distraction device was used for rapid tooth movement. The longest active force-delivery span was 2 weeks, followed by 6-week retention. The distance between the moved tooth and anchor unit was recorded weekly, and radiography was performed for each side before and after distraction. The surrounding tissues including periodontal ligament and alveolar bone were sectioned for histological analysis. Results The average distance of tooth movement was 3.55mm on the experimental side and 1.11mm on the control side. The rate of tooth movement was notably higher (P<0.01) and no significant apical root resorption was detected by X-ray on the experimental side. The active alvelor bone remodeling was found on the tension and pressure sides. However, there was no significant difference between the experimental side and the control side after the retention period. Conclusion The rate of orthodontic tooth movement can be accelerated through resistance reduction and periodontal distraction without any unfavorable effects but at minimal anchorage loss.