风关噪声场相关特性研究

水听器的输出信噪比被证明依赖于噪声场的空间相关结构,文章应用KI模型讨论浅海风成海洋环境噪声场两接收点的空间相关特性,分析各环境参数对噪声场空间相关特性的影响。     

高速铁路32m简支槽形梁桥结构噪声分析

运用车桥耦合动力理论并结合基于间接边界元法的噪声分析方法,对高速铁路32m简支槽形梁桥结构噪声的声辐射特性进行研究。结果表明:简支槽形梁的抗扭刚度小,抗扭性能弱;6.3 Hz以下频率的振动噪声主要由梁体的整体振动产生,6.3Hz以上频率的振动噪声主要由梁体构件的局部振动产生,振动噪声受构件的局部振动影响显著,声压级峰值频率为25 Hz;横桥向,随着距桥梁中线距离的增大,场点声压级逐渐变小,距离每增大5m声压级平均降低1.2~2.5dB;梁下区域距桥梁中线15m范围内,行车侧声场声压级大于非行车侧,10m处行车侧场点声压级平均大1.87dB,距桥梁中线25m范围以外,行车侧声场声压级小于非行车侧,30m处行车侧场点声压级平均小1.46dB;底板的声压贡献系数要比腹板和翼板大的多,远场声压主要受底板的影响;地面附近的噪声基本由底板产生;应当有针对性的采取措施改善结构的振动噪声性能。     

高架轨道轮轨噪声预测分析

随着我国城市轨道交通的快速发展,高架轨道作为一种经济、实用、安全、快速的交通模式,在城市轨道交通建设中得到越来越广泛的运用,但由此带来的振动噪声对周围环境的影响也变得十分突出。通过建立轮轨噪声预测模型,运用有限元法分析箱型梁、U型梁阻抗,对高架轨道轮轨噪声进行预测分析。讨论了桥梁截面型式、行车速度、轨道扣件刚度、桥梁结构阻尼、桥梁支座刚度对高架轨道轮轨噪声的影响。分析结果表明,行车速度和扣件刚度对轮轨噪声有较大影响,在200 Hz以下,轮轨噪声总体上随着扣件刚度的增大而增大;在200~800 Hz范围内,轮轨噪声随着扣件刚度的增大反而减小;在800 Hz以上,扣件刚度对轮轨噪声无明显影响。桥梁截面型式仅在低频部分对轮轨噪声有较大影响,而桥梁结构阻尼、桥梁支座刚度则对高架轨道轮轨噪声影响甚微。     

我国首次采用的高架车场及综合维修基地一武汉市轨道交通1号线一期工程石乔 口路车场

武汉市轨道交通1号线一期工程的硚口路车场及综合维修基地是我国目前城市轨道交通车场设计中首次采用的高架车场。设计人员在建筑、结构、工艺等的设计中克服了没有相适应的设计规范和用地面积狭小等特殊环境产生的困难,提出了较合理的布局、在列车荷载作用下房屋结构的荷载计算办法、减振降噪措施,以及对车场轨道布置采取的对策。     

Optimization of terminal airspace operation with environmental considerations

The rapid growth in air traffic has resulted in increased emission and noise levels in terminal areas, which brings negative environmental impact to surrounding areas. This study aims to optimize terminal area operations by taking into account environmental constraints pertaining to emission and noise. A multi-objective terminal area resource allocation problem is formulated by employing the arrival fix allocation (AFA) problem, while minimizing aircraft holding time, emission, and noise. The NSGA-II algorithm is employed to find the optimal assignment of terminal fixes with given demand input and environmental considerations, by incorporating the continuous descent approach (CDA). A case study of the Shanghai terminal area yields the following results: (1) Compared with existing arrival fix locations and the first-come-first-serve (FCFS) strategy, the AFA reduces emissions by 19.6%, and the areas impacted by noise by 16.4%. AFA and CDA combined reduce the emissions by 28% and noise by 38.1%; (2) Flight delays caused by the imbalance of demand and supply can be reduced by 72% (AFA) and 81% (AFA and CDA) respectively, compared with the FCFS strategy. The study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed optimization framework to reduce the environmental impact in terminal areas while improving the operational efficiency, as well as its potential to underpin sustainable air traffic management.     

基于MATLAB的舰船辐射噪声信号小波消噪处理

针对舰船辐射噪声信号的特点提出了小波消噪的方法,对小波消噪理论作了简要的阐述,并设计了一种消噪方案,最后利用MATLAB,在计算机上选用不同的小波基和阈值进行了实船信号的消噪处理试验,并对结果进行了简单的分析比较。试验结果表明,在选择了合适的小波基和阈值的情况下,利用小波变换的方法对舰船辐射噪声进行消噪处理可以取得良好的效果。     

扣件胶垫黏弹性对铁路箱梁振动与结构噪声的影响

以高速铁路WJ-7B型扣件胶垫为研究对象,通过动态力学性能试验测试了扣件胶垫在不同温度下的动力性能;结合温频等效原理、Williams-Landel-Ferry方程和高阶分数导数FVMP模型表征了扣件胶垫的黏弹性力学特性;将该模型代入建立的桥梁振动与结构噪声预测有限元-边界元模型,并与Kelvin-Vogit模型对比来分析扣件胶垫黏弹性对箱梁振动和结构噪声的影响。研究结果表明：扣件胶垫黏弹性表现为动参数的温频变特性,刚度与频率正相关,与温度负相关,阻尼与频率和温度均负相关,阻尼在1~100 Hz内变化明显,在100 Hz以上变化较小;扣件动参数测试值与高阶分数导数FVMP模型拟合值吻合良好,采用高阶分数导数FVMP模型可以准确描述扣件在宽温宽频下的动态黏弹性力学行为;仅考虑扣件胶垫频变特性时,桥梁在25~63 Hz振动加剧,在80~200 Hz振动减弱,在峰值频率63 Hz处顶板、腹板和底板的加速度振级分别增大5.62、0.91和2.94 dB,桥梁横桥向各板垂向近场点和梁底下方靠近地面处声辐射明显增大;同时考虑扣件胶垫温变与频变特性时,随着温度的降低,桥梁在31.5~50.0 Hz振动不断减小,在63~200 Hz振动不断增大,桥梁横桥向在顶板斜上方、腹板和底板垂向近场点和梁底下方靠近地面处声辐射减小,温度从20 ℃降到-20 ℃时,总体声压级最大降低了2 dB左右;忽略扣件胶垫黏弹性会导致桥梁振动和结构噪声预测产生偏差,仿真分析时应考虑扣件胶垫的黏弹性,以提高预测的准确性。     

激光扫描盾构隧道断面变形快速检测

针对人工检测效率低、变形检测车定位不准、噪点剔除困难、数据处理滞后等技术难题,基于盾构隧道管片环缝灰度图像数学形态特征,通过图像滑窗方式,利用直方图均衡化、缩放、阈值判定等方法快速自动识别环缝,并依据环缝已知位置反向修正隧道里程; 基于距离最小二乘法椭圆曲线拟合,建立了盾构隧道激光扫描噪点三次迭代自动剔除方法; 通过对管片环上各单环激光扫描数据拟合椭圆进行均值处理,并与隧道设计参数或上次检测结果比对,确定了隧道断面变形; 以轨检小车为载体,集成断面三维激光扫描仪、倾角仪、编码器、测距轮和计算机等设备,研制了盾构隧道断面变形快速检测车,开发了配套的数据采集和处理软件,并进行了工程试验和实际应用。研究结果表明：检测时速为5 km·h^-1时,检测车系统隧道内水平和垂直方向直径复测差值绝对值小于2 mm的占比分别为98.41%和96.21%,小于1 mm的占比分别为82.36%和71.92%,系统复测精度为2 mm,多数可达到1 mm,说明环缝识别、噪点剔除、整环收敛变形算法和检测系统具有较高的稳定性和重现性; 检测车可自动采集和处理数据,检测作业后24 h可输出检测分析报告,结果准确可靠,可为盾构隧道结构健康评定和养护提供参考。     

北京市夕照寺西里铁路声屏障研究

主要研究了北京市夕照寺西里铁路声屏障的声学设计和材料选择 ,重点探讨了声屏障高度和长度的确定 ,同时对实际的声学效果作了跟踪。     

The effects of information bias and riding frequency on noise annoyance to a new railway extension in Hong Kong

We investigate how two non-acoustic factors, information bias and riding frequency, can affect the annoyance response of an urban population to noise created by a new railway line. The study shows that information bias is asymmetrical. Respondents receiving only information on positive measures taken by the authority to reduce noise emission are more tolerant of the noise impact, but those receiving only critical views tend to be more annoyed because they feel that not all measures to reduce noise have been employed. Additionally people who use the line frequently are more tolerant to the noise impact than those who do not. Information bias seems to have a temporary masking effect over riding frequency lasting for a few weeks after railway opening. This suggest that whilst free flow of information provided by the authority can help alleviate annoyance response, encouraging the people affected to make use of the new infrastructure may be useful to reduce public resistance and noise annoyance.