上海国际航运中心洋山深水港区平面布置方案

依托外海岛礁地形,在强潮流、高含沙量海域通过封堵汊道形成港区陆域,建设大型集装箱深水港区,工程建设的关键技术之一就是如何确定合理的港区平面布置方案。本文主要结合大、小洋山南、北两条岛链所形成的东口窄(宽约1 000 m)而水深深(平均约50 m)、西口宽(宽约7 600 m)而水深浅(平均约11 m)的喇叭型地形特征,以及海域复杂的水文泥沙条件等,通过论证,推荐实施单通道港区平面布置方案,以利于港区水深的维持、流态的平顺、船舶安全航行以及淤积强度的减少。现场监测表明,港区使用水域在流态、淤强等方面的结果与研究结论基本相符。     

A porous cell method for the simulation of fluid-solid interactions

There are many ways of describing a solid,porous or fluid region of the computational domain when solving the Navier-Stokes equations(NSE)for flow motions.Amongst these the porous cell method is one of the most flexible approaches.In this method,a parameter is defined as a ratio of the volume open to water and air in a calculation cell to its cell volume.In the calculation,the same numerical procedure is applied to every cell and no explicit boundary conditions are needed at solid boundaries.The method is used to simulate flow through porous media,around solid bodies and over a moving seabed.The results compare well with experimental data and other numerical results.In our future work the porous cell method will be applied to more complex fluid-solid interaction situations.     

黄河口尾闾河道断面形态的萎缩调整规律研究

采用实测资料分析和理论探讨相结合的方法,研究了水沙过程变异条件下,黄河口尾闾河道断面形态萎缩调整规律。研究结果表明,1986年后,黄河口水沙过程发生显著变异,尾闾河道断面形态萎缩十分明显,平滩面积大幅度减小,平滩宽深比有所增大;2002年后,小浪底水库实施调水调沙运用,黄河口水沙过程变异有所缓解,尾闾河道断面形态萎缩有所恢复,平滩面积明显增大,平滩宽深比大幅度减小,断面形态朝着窄深方向调整。通过引入尾闾河道断面形态萎缩的判别指标,可解决治理尾闾河道萎缩缺乏控制标准的问题。     

台州港黄礁港区悬沙输移规律研究

采用经过水沙验证的潮流泥沙数学模型,模拟了大港湾水域的水沙运动特点,计算了港池泥沙回淤量。模拟结果表明,港池泥沙来源主要为大港湾后方浅滩落潮流挟沙;港池口门处的防波堤对减轻港池泥沙回淤的效果并不显著,港池后方修建围堰可使港池回淤量减小2/3;围堰阻挡了浅滩泥沙进入港池的通道。同时大港湾形成的半封闭港池具有流弱、沙少、回淤较轻的特点,经过相应的工程措施可成为一个优良的港湾。     

长江下游南京河段马汊河口航道流态及泥沙淤积特性研究

选择南京八卦洲河段马汊河入江口门,建立二维潮流、泥沙数学模型,对入江口门航道流态、水流泥沙运动特征以及口门泥沙淤积特性进行研究。结果表明,中、洪水条件下,八卦洲河段内不存在涨潮流,但口门内仍然存在往复流。河床冲淤变形计算结果表明,口门向内泥沙淤积呈由大到小的分布规律,口门回流区淤积厚度最大。不同水文特征年泥沙淤积程度不同,随淤积历时增长,泥沙逐年淤积量略有减少,且淤积泥沙由口门逐渐向航道推进。     

秦皇岛海域水文泥沙特征分析

基于现场实测水文泥沙资料和水深测图资料,对秦皇岛海域的水文泥沙特征进行了分析。分析结果表明:研究海区靠近半日潮无潮点,潮差小,潮流动力较弱,水体含沙量低,泥沙来源有限,泥沙运动不活跃,岸滩整体保持稳定。秦皇岛海域水文泥沙环境较好,为海岸带开发利用提供了良好的条件。研究成果可作为本海域海岸开发利用的基础资料和依据。     

大平岛围垦工程对航道、码头影响研究

基于工程海域条件分析,建立了平面二维潮流泥沙数学模型。在实测资料验证良好的基础上,对大平岛围垦工程前、后的潮流、悬沙场等进行了模拟,就工程对围区附近航道、码头的影响进行了分析研究。研究表明,本工程的实施对周边海域没有大范围的根本性影响,其影响主要集中在西侧水道的局部水域,会使处于围区西侧水道的燕山热电厂煤码头及其航道等产生淤积,建议定期疏浚或采取其它工程措施。     

天津南港通海航道形成水动力泥沙研究

利用现场实测海洋动力、滩面泥沙、地质分布和工程泥沙等资料,并收集临近航道的资料及成果,采用类比法进行了综合性的比较论证分析,提出了天津南港工业区拟建通海航道的可行性论据,为航道工程的设计与建设提供了科学依据.     

ADCP、OBS在底部泥沙运动观测中的应用探讨

ADCP在定点测量时船速为零,在船静止状态下,理论上船的运动轨迹即为底沙的运动轨迹.此时参考底跟踪观测到的船的运动轨迹与同步GPS-RTK观测到的船的运动轨迹比对,可以间接看出底沙运动的情况;同时利用OBS,可以同步实时测得底沙浓度.根据船的运动轨迹比对和测定的底沙浓度.从而研究底沙的运动规律.     

From suspended particles to strata: The fate of terrestrial substances in the Gaoping (Kaoping) submarine canyon

The river–sea system consisting of the Gaoping (new spelling according to the latest government's directive, formerly spelled Kaoping) River (KPR), shelf, and Submarine Canyon (KPRSC) located off southern Taiwan is an ideal natural laboratory to study the source, pathway, transport, and fate of terrestrial substances. In 2004 during the flood season of the KPR, a system-wide comprehensive field experiment was conducted to investigate particle dynamics from a source-to-sink perspective in the KPRSC with the emphasis on the effect of particle size on the transport, settling, and sedimentation along the pathway. This paper reports the findings from (1) two sediment trap moorings each configured with a Technicap PPS 3/3 sediment trap, and an acoustic current meter (Aquadopp); (2) concurrent hydrographic profiling and water sampling was conducted over 8 h next to the sediment trap moorings; and (3) box-coring in the head region of the submarine canyon near the mooring sites. Particle samples from sediment traps were analyzed for mass fluxes, grain-size composition, total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN), organic matter (OM), carbonate, biogenic opal, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), lithogenic silica and aluminum, and foraminiferal abundance. Samples from box cores were analyzed for grain-size distribution, TOC, particulate organic matter (POM), carbonate, biogenic opal, water content, and ²¹⁰Pb_ex. Water samples were filtered through 500, 250, 63, 10 µm sieves and 0.4 µm filter for the suspended sediment concentration of different size-classes.Results show that the river and shelf do not supply all the suspended particles near the canyon floor. The estimated mass flux near the canyon floor exceeds 800 g/m²/day, whose values are 2–7 times higher than those at the upper rim of the canyon. Most of the suspended particles in the canyon are fine-grained (finer than medium silt) lithogenic sediments whose percentages are 90.2% at the upper rim and 93.6% in the deeper part of the canyon.As suspended particles settle through the canyon, their size-composition shows a downward fining trend. The average percentage of clay-to-fine-silt particles (0.4–10 µm) in the water samples increases from 22.7% above the upper rim of the canyon to 56.0% near the bottom of the canyon. Conversely, the average percentage of the sand-sized (> 63 µm) suspended particles decreases downward from 32.0% above the canyon to 12.0% in the deeper part of the canyon. Correspondingly, the substrate of the canyon is composed largely of hemipelagic lithogenic mud. Parallel to this downward fining trend is the downward decrease of concentrations of suspended nonlithogenic substances such as TOC and PAH, despite of their affinity to fine-grained particles.On the surface of the canyon, down-core variables (grain size, ²¹⁰Pb_ex activity, TOC, water content) near the head region of the canyon show post-depositional disturbances such as hyperpycnite and turbiditic deposits. These deposits point to the occurrences of erosion and deposition related to high-density flows such as turbidity currents, which might be an important process in submarine canyon sedimentation.