高桥墩之间几何非线性效应的相互干扰分析

提出了高桥墩之间几何非线性效应的相干分析计算模型。它适合于应用平面有限元法的计算程序求解。通过一个实例和应用逐次渐近法验证了该模型的精度，并从中得到一些有用的结论。     

柔性约束颗粒冲击阻尼技术及应用

本文介绍了柔性约束颗粒击阻尼技术及其减振机理，并将该技术应用于薄密闭腔体壁板振动和内部噪声的控制。实验证明，该技术结构简便，控制频带宽，减振降噪效果显著。     

柔性桩与土相互作用非线性分析的增量传递矩阵法

对桩侧土采用非线性荷载传递函数,对桩端土采用线性荷载传递函数,同时考虑桩周土所分担的荷载对单桩荷载传递规律的影响,利用增量荷载传递矩阵法及微分方程的近似解法--子域法,推出了刚性承台下柔性桩与地基非线性相互作用的近似解析算式。为了验证该方法的可行性,通过试验将试验结果与有限元结果及该方法所得结果进行了对比,对比表明:该理论解与现场实测值、有限元计算值都非常接近。     

以位移为基础的钢筋混凝土连续梁桥抗震设计方法

利用等效线性化方法将钢筋混凝土(RC)连续梁桥结构简化为多自由度线弹性体系,采用振型反应谱的概念研究了结构在横向地震作用下考虑多阶模态效应的直接基于位移的抗震设计方法。探讨了连续梁桥的上部结构(主梁)及桥墩(台)刚度的变化对结构横向振动模态质量与模态周期的影响,给出了多阶模态设计方法的具体设计过程。对对称与非对称连续梁桥采用相同的设计步骤进行基于位移的抗震设计,并对设计算例用非线性时程分析验证了设计结果的合理性。     

地下工程注浆技术研究新进展

注浆是土木、水利和矿山等工程建设中重要的防渗和加固技术。文章基于国内外注浆技术研究文献,总结了水泥等颗粒性浆液的“渗滤效应”及“黏度时空变异性”等理论研究成果,论述了非水反应高聚物、CW环氧树脂和微生物菌液等注浆新材料的应用现状及发展前景,介绍了细观力学数值模拟研究的突破性进展,可为地下工程注浆技术发展提供借鉴和启发作用。     

Definition of wind blowers for vehicles testing at chassis-dyno facilities using a CFD approach

The need to increase measurement accuracy of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions in vehicles is forcing the market to develop chassis-dyno test cells that reproduce on-road conditions realistically.Air-cooling is key to vehicle performance. It is therefore critical that the design of a test cell guarantees realistic cooling of all vehicle components, as important errors in fuel consumption and emissions measurements may otherwise arise. In a test-room, a blower placed in front of the vehicle supplies the cooling air. While there are some guidelines in the literature for the selection of fans required for emissions measurements for standard driving cycles, the information for designing the air supply system for specific tests in other areas is scarce.New Real Driving Emissions (RDE) legislation will force manufacturers to perform on-road measurements of pollutants. This represents a significant challenge due to the variability of conditions coming from non-controlled parameters. In order to optimize vehicles, different tests are performed in cells equipped with a chassis-dyno where the on-road flow field around the vehicle is reproduced as closely as possible.This work provides some guidelines for the definition of the airflow supply system of chassis-dyno facilities for vehicle optimization tests, based on a CFD analysis of the flow characteristics around the vehicle. By comparison with the solution obtained for a vehicle in real road driving conditions, the exit section of the blower and the distance between the blower exit and the car that best reproduce realistic on-road flow conditions in a test room are determined.     

Towards a model of hydrodynamic damping for a circular cylinder with helical strakes at low KC

This paper investigates the hydrodynamic damping of a circular cylinder with helical strakes at Keulegan-Carpenter (KC) number from 0.07 to 3 in the presence of steady currents. Experiments were performed with a straked cylinder oscillating in either in-line or cross currents over Reynolds number (based on the oscillating velocity amplitude) varying from 1260 to 54,000. With in-line current being present, the measured drag coefficients of the straked cylinder are found to depend on the ratio between the oscillating velocity amplitude and the steady current velocity. This phenomenon is further confirmed by computational fluid dynamics using large-eddy simulations. The drag coefficients obtained from the numerical simulations agree well with the experimentally determined values. Similar phenomenon is observed for the cases with cross background current. Based on the experimental data, empirical formulae are proposed to evaluate drag coefficients. These results are of importance in estimating the resonant motion and the fatigue life of risers, e.g. water intake risers, in the flow regime of low KC. Finally, recommendations are provided for fatigue analysis of risers with helical strakes from the perspective of engineering practice.     

基于改进型消灭曲线法的横摇阻尼估算

自由衰减试验仍是目前最为有效且常用的估算横摇阻尼系数的方法.横摇阻尼系数的估算精度对于船舶横摇运动的预报起着至关重要的作用.通常采用所谓的消灭曲线法来分析自由横摇衰减数据.该方法的一个不足之处在于其推导是基于忽略了非线性恢复力项的自由横摇运动方程.另一方面,考虑更多非线性成分的能量法能够纳入该因素影响但在实施过程中较为复杂.文中提出了一种改进型的消灭曲线法,能够纳入船体非线性恢复力项的影响.所提出的方法形式简单且相比能量法更易于实施.数值试验证明了改进型消灭曲线法的正确性,并展现了其相对传统消灭曲线法所具有的优势.     

悬索桥并列双吊索整体风振特性与气动阻尼研究

通过并列耦合双吊索节段模型的整体测振与测力风洞试验,研究不同间距下双吊索的整体振动行为与气动阻尼特性。引入驰振气动阻尼非线性项的动力方程模型,得到非线性振动的近似解析方法。基于弹性悬挂节段模型动力响应识别出驰振非线性气动参数,并与经典单自由度驰振理论结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明:并列耦合双吊索在一定工况下会发生剧烈的整体尾流致振现象,结构阻尼比对其起振风速影响明显;经典驰振理论求得的气动负阻尼绝对值要小于识别得到的气动负阻尼绝对值,横、顺风向两自由度耦合失稳较单自由度驰振更易发生。     

流线型钢箱梁涡激振动机理与气动控制措施

以某主跨390 m的独塔流线型钢箱梁斜拉桥为工程依托，采用风洞试验与计算流体动力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics，CFD）相结合的方法对流线型钢箱梁涡激振动机理与气动控制措施进行研究。首先，采用几何缩尺比为1∶30的主梁节段模型进行主梁涡振性能与气动控制措施优化研究；其次，采用CFD方法对主梁涡振响应进行流固耦合计算，将Newmark-β算法嵌入ANSYS Fluent用户自定义函数（User Defined Functions，UDFs）实现主梁结构振动响应求解，同时结合动网格技术实现主梁断面流固耦合分析；并根据判断条件来检索箱梁壁面上的网格单元，以获得主梁断面振动过程中的表面压力，然后结合主梁结构振动响应、表面压力以及流场特征等对主梁涡激振动机理进行分析。结果表明：该桥主梁原设计方案存在涡激共振现象，将梁底检修车轨道内移120 cm可有效抑制主梁涡振响应；主梁涡激振动响应的数值模拟结果与风洞试验结果吻合较好；检修车轨道内移120 cm后主要改变了箱梁下表面平均压力系数分布特性，且箱梁表面各测点脉动压力卓越频率不一致，有效减小了主梁涡激振动响应；流线型箱梁靠近迎风侧的“被动区域”对结构涡振响应贡献较小，背风侧“驱动区域”发生周期性旋涡脱落是影响流线型箱梁涡振的主要因素。