基于孔隙结构的土体未冻水含量滞回效应研究

冻结特征曲线（SFCC）是描述负温与土体内部未冻水含量之间的关系曲线，是非饱和冻土研究的重要基础。冻融循环是冻土研究的关键因素。以粉土和黏土为试验对象，采用低场核磁共振（NMR）技术，测得了土体在冻融循环作用下的冻结特征曲线和孔隙结构分布图，研究土体在冻融循环作用下冻结特征曲线的变化。试验结果表明：随着循环次数的增加，土体孔隙分布发生了变化，进而导致冻结特征曲线滞回圈和特征温度点的变化，冻结特征曲线变化的本质是孔隙结构的变化；从微观结构出发得到了基于孔隙结构的SFCC表达式，指出融化过程的冻结特征曲线是主冻结特征曲线；结合试验数据的对比分析，模型有效展示了多次冻融循环下土体冻结特征曲线的滞回效应，适用于多次循环下的非饱和冻土。     

Multivariable speed synchronisation for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle drivetrain

In this article, a new drivetrain configuration of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle is considered and a novel model-based control design strategy is given. In particular, the control design covers the speed synchronisation task during a restart of the internal combustion engine. The proposed multivariable synchronisation strategy is based on feedforward and decoupled feedback controllers. The performance and the robustness properties of the closed-loop system are illustrated by nonlinear simulation results.     

Coupled vibration analysis of Maglev vehicle-guideway while standing still or moving at low speeds

Dynamic instability, that is, resonance, may occur on an electromagnetic suspension-type Maglev that runs over the elevated guideway, particularly at very low speeds, due to the flexibility of the guideway. An analysis of the dynamic interaction between the vehicle and guideway is required at the design stage to investigate such instability, setting slender guideway in design direction for reducing construction costs. In addition, it is essential to design an effective control algorithm to solve the problem of instability. In this article, a more detailed model for the dynamic interaction of vehicle/guideway is proposed. The proposed model incorporates a 3D full vehicle model based on virtual prototyping, flexible guideway by a modal superposition method and levitation electromagnets including feedback controller into an integrated model. By applying the proposed model to an urban Maglev vehicle newly developed for commercial application, an analysis of the instability phenomenon and an investigation of air gap control performance are carried out through a simulation.     

High-speed train control based on multiple-model adaptive control with second-level adaptation

Speed uplift has become the leading trend for the development of current railway traffic. Ideally, under the high-speed transportation infrastructure, trains run at specified positions with designated speeds at appointed times. In view of the faster adaptation ability of multiple-model adaptive control with second-level adaptation (MMAC-SLA), we propose one type of MMAC-SLA for a class of nonlinear systems such as cascaded vehicles. By using an input decomposition technique, the corresponding stability proof is solved for the proposed MMAC-SLA, which synthesises the control signals from the weighted multiple models. The control strategy is utilised to challenge the position and speed tracking of high-speed trains with uncertain parameters. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MMAC-SLA can achieve small tracking errors with moderate in-train forces incurred under the control of flattening input signals with practical enforceability. This study also provides a new idea for the control of in-train forces by tracking the positions and speeds of cars while considering power constraints.     

Connected cruise control: modelling,delay effects,and nonlinear behaviour

Connected vehicle systems (CVS) are considered in this paper where vehicles exchange information using wireless vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. The concept of connected cruise control (CCC) is established that allows control design at the level of individual vehicles while exploiting V2V connectivity. Due to its high level of modularity the proposed design can be applied to large heterogeneous traffic systems. The dynamics of a simple CVS is analysed in detail while taking into account nonlinearities in the vehicle dynamics as well as in the controller. Time delays that arise due to intermittencies and packet drops in the communication channels are also incorporated. The results are summarised using stability charts which allow one to select control gains to maintain stability and ensure disturbance attenuation when the delay is below a critical value.     

基于超高速AD9954的多模式信号的实现

通过对AD9954采用先进DDS技术性能特点的具体分析，利用其可编程幅度、频率、相位给出AD9954在高速调制信号系统中的应用方案，从而较方便容易地实现基于软件无线电技术的各种调制信号。     

LINEARIZATION RELAXATION PROCEDURE FOR A KIND OF N-DIMENSIONAL NONLINEAR OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM

Ｄ ＯＦ Ｎ－ＤＩＭＥＮＳＩＯＮＡＬ ＮＯＮＬＩＮＥＡＲ ＯＰＴＩＭＩＺＡＴＩＯＮ ＰＲＯＢＬＥＭTX＠徐飞＠王浣尘ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｔｉｓｄｅｓｉｒａｂｌｅｔｏｒｅｐｌａｃｅｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｗｉｔｈｌｉｎｅａｒａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔ...     

加肋轴对称旋转壳非线性稳定性分析

应用Total Lagrange描述、弹塑性本构关系及非线性壳体理论,建立加肋轴对称旋转壳的非线性稳定性分析的控制方程.将所求得的控制方程应用于截锥壳单元,推导出截锥壳单元的非线性稳定性分析的有限元列式,用截锥壳单元离散和逼近加肋轴对称旋转壳,构成有限元分析模型,从而建立了分析加肋轴对称旋转壳稳定性分析的有限元模型.应用所获得的有限元列式,由平衡路径追踪,求出结构的弹性极值点载荷和弹塑性极值点载荷,将所求得的极值点载荷适当地划分成多个载荷步,求出相应的位移增量,在每一个增量步作特征值分析,由特征值分析求出非线性失稳临界载荷.文中分别将本方法与材料的弹性本构关系和弹塑性本构关系相结合,采用Crisfield圆弧加载法对某精车模型进行平衡路径追踪,得出了该模型的弹性极值点载荷、弹塑性极值点载荷和弹塑性失稳临界载荷.所求得的弹塑性极值点载荷和弹塑性失稳临界载荷与模型实验测试值均吻合较好,其中弹塑性失稳临界载荷值与实验值更为接近.从而证明:本文方法可直接求出加肋轴对称旋转壳的弹塑性失稳临界载荷,而勿须使用Cg、Cs系数进行修正.     

精确反馈线性化在船舶航向保持器上的应用

现有的船舶航向保持器的设计大都采用Nomoto线性模型，而忽略了船舶操纵运动的非线性因素，因此航向控制的精度比较低。选择状态反馈精确线性化方法，将响应型船舶运动的非线性数学模型进行线性化，再利用基于闭环增益成形算法的鲁棒控制器进行控制，然后在Maflab的Simulink下进行系统仿真，仿真结果表明，所设计的基于闭环增益成形算法的控制器比基于LQR的控制器具有更好的控制能力。     

尿素晶体的线性和非线性光学性质的从头算研究

采用从头计算平面波赝势方法（pwp）和局域密度近似,计算了尿素晶体的电子能带结构和光学性质,计算表明尿素晶体属直接带隙晶体,计算带隙为5,lleV。在剪切操作下,采用密度矩阵理论计算了介电常数和倍频系数,理论结果与实验符合甚佳,并成功地将二阶非线性光学系数谱的特征峰与介电函数光谱结合起来,按单、双光子共振项进行了分析。不同跃迁过程对二阶非线性光学系数的贡献的研究表明,二阶非线性光学极化率在低频下几乎全部来自于虚电子过程。