城市轨道交通大小交路模式列车开行方案的优化

列车开行方案是城市轨道交通运输组织的基础.大小交路模式列车开行方案规定各时间段内各交路上开行列车对数.分析大小交路模式乘客出行成本和企业运营成本的计算方法,以乘客出行成本及运输企业运营成本最小化为目标,以列车追踪间隔时间、乘客需求和最大可用车底数量为约束,构建城市轨道交通大小交路模式列车开行方案双目标混合整数非线性规划模型.采用理想点法将原模型转化为单目标模型,借助Lingo11.0求解.通过算例验证模型的合理性,并对折返站和小交路区段客流比重进行成本的灵敏度分析,结果表明:小交路折返站的选取对成本影响显著,且小交路区段客流比重越高,开行大小交路模式越有利于降低运输成本.     

乙二醇机组的温度模糊控制器设计与仿真

针对我国通信行业和计算机行业大型机房耗电量大的现状,提出了一种乙二醇机组控制系统。介绍了它的工作原理,阐述了它的总体控制方案,并重点阐述了采用温度模糊PID控制器对室内温度进行调节。仿真和实验结果表明：采用温度模糊控制器的系统运行稳定、可靠性高、节能效果明显,具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于非线性观测器的IPMSM无位置传感器控制

为了解决内嵌式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)无位置传感器控制中转子角度和速度估计问题,根据IPMSM的状态方程和非线性理论,设计了一种非线性状态观测器,并基于Lyapunov稳定性原理讨论了观测器稳定条件.同时考虑负载影响,加入了负载转矩的观测由于模型参数问题和采样精度问题,状态变量的观测值和实际值存在一定误差,因此对角度和速度观测值分别进行了修正.仿真和试验研究表明,改进后的非线性观测器能够准确估计转子角度和速度,可以获得良好的动态和稳态性能.     

新能源汽车的动力电池标准体系研究

近些年来,随着我国环保观念的增强,新能源汽车行业得到了较为迅速的发展,作为其中关键的动力电池有着非常关键的作用。但是,从现实情况来进行分析,可以发现动力电池行业仍然存在着诸多问题,特别是标准体系的建立还并不完善,不利于新能源汽车行业的长期稳定发展。本篇文章简要分析了动电池标准体系的发展情况,研究了新能源汽车动力电池标准体系,并探究了新能源汽车动力电池标准体系今后的发展方向,希望能够为新能源汽车行业的稳定发展提供支持。     

动车铝合金车体焊接接头非线性疲劳累积损伤模型

动车铝合金车体焊接接头疲劳寿命对加载顺序比较敏感,而传统的Miner法无法考虑载荷加载顺序。本文在损伤曲线法的基础上,提出非线性累积损伤模型的数学表达式及参数拟合算法,给出平均应力情况下使用此模型的扩展算式,并对铝合金焊接的对接接头、角接接头进行两级加载实验。实验结果证明:本文模型计算误差小于10%,比传统的Miner模型有更高的精确度,说明这一模型可用于铝合金焊接结构疲劳寿命计算。     

Total cost analysis: An alternative to benefit-cost analysis in evaluating transportation alternatives

This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area.     

Surf-riding and oscillations of a ship in quartering waves

The behavior of a ship encountering large regular waves from astern at low frequency is the object of investigation, with a parallel study of surf-riding and periodic motion paterns. First, the theoretical analysis of surf-riding is extended from purely following to quartering seas. Steady-state continuation is used to identify all possible surf-riding states for one wavelength. Examination of stability indicates the existence of stable and unstable states and predicts a new type of oscillatory surf-riding. Global analysis is also applied to determine the areas of state space which lead to surf-riding for a given ship and wave conditions. In the case of overtaking waves, the large rudder-yaw-surge oscillations of the vessel are examined, showing the mechanism and conditions responsible for loss of controllability at certain vessel headings.List of symbols c wave celerity (m/s) - C(p) roll damping moment (Ntm) - g acceleration of gravity (m/s²) - GM metacentric height (m) - H wave height (m) - I _x ,I _z roll and yaw ship moments of inertia (kg m²) - k wave number (m^–1) - K _H ,K _W ,K _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - K _p forces in the roll direction (Ntm) - m ship mass (kg) - n propeller rate of rotation (rpm) - N _H ,N _W ,N _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - N _P moments in the yaw direction (Ntm) - p roll angular velocity (rad/s) - r rate-of-turn (rad/s) - R(,x) restoring moment (Ntm) - Res(u) ship resistance (Nt) - t time (s) - u surge velocity (m/s) - U vessel speed (m/s) - v sway velocity (m/s) - W ship weight (Nt) - x longitudinal position of the ship measured from the wave system (m) - x _G ,z _G longitudinal and vertical center of gravity (m) - x _S longitudinal position of a ship section (S), in the ship-fixed system (m) - X _H ,X _W ,X _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - X _P forces in the surge direction (Nt) - y transverse position of the ship, measured from the wave system (m) - Y _H ,Y _W ,Y _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - Y _p forces in the sway direction (Nt) - z _Y vertical position of the point of action of the lateral reaction force during turn (m) - z _W vertical position of the point of action of the lateral wave force (m) Greek symbols angle of drift (rad) - rudder angle (rad) - wavelength (m) - position of the ship in the earth-fixed system (m) - water density (kg/m³) - angle of heel (rad) - heading angle (rad) - _e frequency of encounter (rad/s) Hydrodynamic coefficients K roll added mass - N _v ,N _r yaw acceleration coefficients - N _v N _r N _rr N _rrv ,N _vvr yaw velocity coefficients K. Spyrou: Ship behavior in quartering waves - X _u surge acceleration coefficient - X _u X _vr surge velocity coefficients - Y _v ,Y _r sway acceleration coefficients - Y _v ,Y _r ,Y _vv ,Y _rr ,Y _vr sway velocity coefficients European Union-nominated Fellow of the Science and Technology Agency of Japan, Visiting Researcher, National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering of Japan     

钢管混凝土拱桥在车辆荷载作用下的非线性动力响应分析

根据随动硬化理论和钢管混凝土组合材料恢复力模型 ,提出了复杂应力状态下钢管混凝土组合材料的弹塑性应力应变关系。采用非线性有限元法 ,对一钢管混凝土拱桥进行移动车辆荷载作用下车—桥体系的动力响应分析 ,并进一步研究钢管混凝土组合材料进入塑性后对体系振动的影响 ,取得了较满意的结果 ,为钢管混凝土拱桥动力性能评价提供参考。     

高桥墩之间几何非线性效应的相互干扰分析

提出了高桥墩之间几何非线性效应的相干分析计算模型。它适合于应用平面有限元法的计算程序求解。通过一个实例和应用逐次渐近法验证了该模型的精度，并从中得到一些有用的结论。