一致拥挤快速路交通系统稳定性分析

考虑快速路一致拥挤的前提下,通过选取适当的流一密关系式,建立快速路网络流模型。并在对快速路的第一段进行适当处理和考虑匝道排队的基础上,构造一个离散的线性系统。通过对此类型的离散系统进行稳定性分析,得到稳定的充分条件和最优控制器的设计方法,仿真实例表明该方法的有效性和实用性。     

内置肋板补强圆形钢桥墩的抗震性能

采用MARC有限元程序,对内部加肋补强的圆形桥墩柱7个试件进行非线性数值分析.得到了在一定垂直荷载和水平往复荷载作用下荷载-位移关系曲线,考察了钢管径厚比和桥墩柱长细比对内部加肋补强圆形钢桥墩的极限承载能力、延性和能量吸收等抗震性能的影响.     

Integrated evasive manoeuvre assist for collision mitigation with oncoming vehicles

Development and deployment of steering based collision avoidance systems are made difficult due to the complexity of dealing with oncoming vehicles during the evasive manoeuvre. A method to mitigate the collision risk with oncoming vehicles during such manoeuvres is presented in this work. A point mass analysis of such a scenario is first done to determine the importance of speed for mitigating the collision risk with the oncoming vehicle. A characteristic parameter was identified, which correlates well with the need to increase or decrease speed, in order to reduce the collision risk. This finding was then verified in experiments using a Volvo XC90 test vehicle. A closed-loop longitudinal acceleration controller for collision mitigation with oncoming vehicles is then presented. The longitudinal control is combined with yaw stability control using control allocation to form an integrated controller. Simulations in CarMaker using a validated XC90 vehicle model and the proposed controller showed consistent reductions in the collision risk with the oncoming vehicle.     

交叉迭代算法求解车辆-轨道非线性耦合方程的收敛性讨论

运用有限元法建立车辆-轨道非线性耦合系统动力分析模型,该模型将车辆-轨道系统以轮轨接触为界限分成车辆,轨道两个子系统并通过轮轨接触力的平衡和位移协调条件耦合在一起。通过交叉迭代算法分别求解车辆,轨道系统的运动方程,此时每一步都需要判断使之满足轮轨几何相容条件和相互作用力平衡条件,这样对时间步长的选取要求较高,但是如果时间步长超过某一限值,易于导致迭代失败。引入了修正因子对轮轨接触力进行修正,这不仅可以放宽对时间步长的选取,还能加速收敛,提高计算效率。为验证算法的正确性,不仅进行了算例验证,还给出了引入修正因子的交叉迭代算法求解车辆-轨道非线性耦合系统动力学方程的算例,算例中考虑了不同的时间步长和不同的修正因子对交叉迭代算法收敛速度的影响。计算结果表明引入修正因子的交叉迭代算法具有程序编制简单、收敛速度快、用时少、精度高的优点。     

锚固路堑高边坡稳定性非线性模糊评判

针对路堑高边坡锚固后的稳定性评价,基于模糊性与层次性构建锚固路堑高边坡稳定性2级模糊综合评判模型。根据不同类评价指标的取值方法及隶属度函数选取原则,建立统一的隶属度确定方法,采用三角模糊数互补判断矩阵排序方法确定权向量,以体现评价指标重要程度比较的不确定性。引入非线性模糊算子,以消除个别影响因素不利时对结果的突出影响,使评价结果能更真实地反映工程实际状况。以京新高速公路路堑高边坡稳定性评价为应用实例,验证该模型的可行性与合理性。     

Logistical restructuring and road freight traffic growth

The forecasting of road freight traffic has relied heavily on the close correlation between GDP and road tonne-kilometers. It has not been rooted in an understanding of the causes of freight traffic growth. The research reported in this paper has investigated this process of traffic growth in two ways: first, by analysing official data on the production, consumption and movement of food and drink products, and second, by conducting a survey of the changing freight transport requirements of 88 large British-based manufacturers.The analysis of secondary data shows how, in the food and drink sector, the relationship between the real value of output and road vehicle-kms hinges on four key parameters: value density, handling factor, average length of haul and consignment size. An attempt is made to explain variations in these parameters.The survey of manufacturers suggests that the growth of lorry traffic is the net result of a complex interaction between factors operating at four levels of logistical management: strategic planning of logistical systems, choice of suppliers and distributors, scheduling of product flow and the management of transport resources. Changes in the frequency and scheduling of freight deliveries in response to tightening customer service requirements and just-in-time management appear to have become a more prevalent cause of freight traffic growth than the physical restructuring of logistical systems. Manufacturers anticipate that their road freight demand will broadly increase in line with sales and be largely unaffected by road transport cost increases at the levels currently proposed. The paper concludes by examining their likely reactions to a much sharper increase in the cost of road freight movement.     

Nonlinear hydroelastic behavior of propellers using a finite-element method and lifting surface theory

A finite-element method coupled with analysis of a noncavitating lifting surface was used to assess the performance of a marine propeller, including the thrust, torque, efficiency coefficients, and deflections. The formulation used displacements as unknowns in the structural part and the strength of the vortex as unknowns in the fluid part. A coupled matrix derived from the Bernoulli equation and hydrostatic pressure in terms of the strength, of the vortex enforced coupling between the fluid and the structure. The resulting matrix equation was unsymmetric and nonlinear; a Newton-Raphson procedure was used to solve this equation. The numerical results were compared with test data; computed and measured values agreed satisfactorily. We also investigated the effect of blade thickness on the performance and strength of the propeller. We did not consider the fatigue strengh of the propeller in this analysis.     

先进电力电子技术在超高压输电网中的应用

简要介绍了先进电力电子技术在输配电中的应用,主要包括高压直流输电、柔性交流输电和定制电力技术三个方面.在叙述电力电子技术的发展和应用情况的基础上,重点阐述了由中国电力科学研究院自主集成的可控串补和静止无功补偿器成套设备的关键技术,强调了自主开发的重要性.     

基于非线性理论的船舶结构稳定性研究

本文以结构的线性分析为基础，对船舶结构的线性稳定性分析方法进行了改进。同时，采用基于特征值分析的线性稳定性分析方法得到了船舶结构的临界载荷，从该载荷值可以预测出实际结构临界载荷的上限并能较好地反映船舶结构线性性能对其稳定性的影响，据此得出船舶结构的失稳位形。在非线性稳定性分析中，采用NEWTON—ROPHSON方法及弧长法求解考虑非线性时船舶结构的临界载荷，并详细讨论了结构缺陷对稳定性的影响，提出考虑结构缺陷时船舶结构稳定性计算方法。通过不同类型的算例进行分析比较，总结出船舶结构边界条件、几何缺陷变化与船舶结构稳定性之间关系，验证了本文稳定性分析方法的正确性、有效性及对现役散货船船体结构的适用性。     

加快构建我国铁路工程建设新的建设技术标准体系

近年来，随着我国各项事业的全面发展，铁路这一国民经济大动脉在国家经济和社会发展中的地位和作用日益突出，铁路发展进入前所未有的黄金机遇期，铁路建设随之呈现出蓬勃发展的趋势。原有的铁路建设技术标准已不能适应铁路发展的需要，因此加快构建我国铁路工程建设的新的建设技术标准体系就势在必行。本文从建设世界一流客运专线的目标着手，对构建新建设标准体系的主要原则、基本框架、主要内容，以及与以往标准体系的不同之处进行了详细阐述。并针对当前存在的主要问题，在落实建设标准工作方面，提出了指导措施，主要表现在：（1）进一步完善标准体系；（2）加强标准系统性和协调性；（3）突出标准的针对性和时效性；（4）加快引进消化吸收再创新成果标准转化；（5）下大气力节省投资、降低造价；（6）进一步加强基础性理论性研究工作。本文特此刊出，以期对实际工作有所指导。