论交通工程系统在初步设计后的优化设计

结合近几年江苏省高速公路在交通工程实施中遇到的具体情况,论述如何根据道路运营管理需求在初步设计后对交通工程系统进行有针对性的二次优化设计。     

浅谈道路建设中工程变更对造价控制的影响

论述了城市道路建设中工程变更对工程造价控制的影响,分析了工程变更引起造价控制困难的原因,以及处理工程变更与造价控制的建议,力求提高工程建设的管理水平,达到主动控制造价的目的及相应措施。     

谈工程量清单计价方法在造价控制中的应用

为了在建设项目设计阶段、招投标阶段及项目实施阶段逐渐推行工程量清单计价管理方法,来取代传统计划经济体制下的工程定额计价管理办法,笔者结合近两年从事国内公路工程造价管理工作中对工程量清单计价方法在工程造价控制方面应用的情况以及问题的处理,对清单的编制和审查、不平衡报价的合理使用以及工程变更和结算等方面的问题提出一些思考和看法,使清单计价方法进一步完善。     

膨胀土地区路基水损害作用机理研究及防治对策

对我国膨胀土地区水损害机理进行了研究,归纳总结了对膨胀土路基水损害需采取排水、支挡、生物工程、避让等对策措施.     

The future of road safety: A worldwide perspective

Estimates by the World Health Organization suggest that, on a yearly basis, road crashes kill 1.25 million people—nearly 3400 road fatalities per day—and injure up to 50 million. Traffic injuries are not equally spread over the world, however; some countries are hit harder than others, and the chance of being killed in a road crash depends on where one lives. Almost 90% of all traffic casualties occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Globally, the number of fatalities per 100,000 population (mortality rate) ranges from less than 3 to almost 40. The rate is less than 9 in high-income countries (HIC) but averages around 20 in LMIC, with the African region demonstrating the highest rate (26.6). While road safety trends have been positive in HIC over the last few decades, trends in LMIC are not telling a positive story: road fatalities are expected to increase to almost 2 million road fatalities per year by 2020.The United Nations has adopted several resolutions on road safety and proposes actions to tackle the global road safety crisis. Considering the current level of road safety to be unacceptable, the UN has taken several initiatives. One effort, the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011–2020, has generated substantial activity around the world over the last couple of years. Furthermore, it is very encouraging that the UN included road safety in the Sustainable Development Goals that it laid out in September 2015. Road safety is part of the public health agenda and the urban development agenda. Measured in “real actions,” however, the responses so far from the overall global community and individual countries do not suggest that we are already on the right track to bringing down the death toll on roads.The future of road safety is uncertain and definitely not the same for all regions of the world. Countries with a mature road safety approach and an ambition to make further progress are expected to move in the direction of a pro-active approach: a Safe System approach. It is reported that many LMIC, meanwhile, are on the brink of designing road safety strategies and implementing action plans. The international community is willing to support LMIC, but LMIC cannot simply copy successful HIC strategies because local circumstances differ. The principles of successful HIC strategies are applicable, but the priorities and action plans should take root in and align with local conditions.     

基于BIM的公路隧道运维管理系统设计与开发

近年来,我国公路隧道建设里程快速增长,但在隧道运维管理中存在技术落后、管理人员配置不足等问题。针对管理中存在的问题,本文提出将BIM(building information modeling,建筑信息模型)引入公路隧道的运维管理,通过制定具体实施规划及设计系统架构,实现可视化的公路隧道运维管理。以浙江省41省道岭下隧道工程为依托,建立基于BIM的公路隧道运维管理平台,为公路隧道运维管理提供一种直观、便捷的管理方式,提高公路隧道的信息化管理水平。     

基于船种聚类的航道通过能力量化方法

为准确计算航道通过能力,针对单双向通航方式并存的混合通航航道,建立了基于船种聚类的航道通过能力量化模型.根据海港航道通航管理规则,对不同船舶种类进行分类,通过聚类算法确定船舶种类特征及其分布概率.与传统航道通过能力计算方法相比,对不同种类船舶所占航道资源分别附以不同权重,同时考虑船舶通航方式改变对航道通过能力的影响,能够更加准确地量化航道通过能力.应用天津港大沽沙航道数据进行了实例分析,目前航道实际月通过船舶约为1 905艘次,计算得到大沽沙航道月通过能力为2 350艘次,并且与港口公共混合通航航道通过能力计算结果4 455艘次/月相对比,前者的结果更符合实际情况,后者的结果明显大于实际航道通过能力.结果表明,基于船种聚类的航道通过能力量化方法能更加准确地反映航道实际情况.     

集成GIS/BIM的盾构隧道全寿命管理系统研究

为解决在盾构隧道工程中,地理信息系统（GIS）标准缺失和建筑信息模型（BIM）分析功能薄弱的问题,在分析GIS的数据管理和BIM的数据标准基础上,建立集成GIS/BIM的盾构隧道全寿命期管理系统。首先,概括总结系统采用的技术路线; 其次,基于IFC标准扩展统一的盾构隧道信息模型,涵盖盾构隧道地质、结构、线路、施工、监测和病害等数据; 然后,介绍系统信息的关联,包括隧道编码、GIS和BIM的集成方案; 最后,以上海地铁盾构隧道为依托,描述系统在工程全寿命期的应用,包括隧道地质勘察、结构设计、运营监测和养护维护等阶段。该系统制定了统一信息模型,方便数据交换和管理,在信息模型基础上实现了信息可视化与不同分析功能,提高了盾构隧道的全寿命数字化管理水平。     

基于效率-安全评价的近距离错位交叉口信控优化

在城市中2个近距离错位交叉口之间的交织路段,来自不同方向的车流相互干扰严重,尤其是在交织长度限制下的连续换道操作,对交通效率和安全水平造成不良影响.因此,基于效率-安全综合考虑,研究了一种安全协调信号控制方案.即在上游交叉口的支路处设置右转信号灯,将交织路段内主、次路的车流冲突点进行时间和空间上的分离,并对近距离错位交叉口进行系统的相位和配时优化设计,从而达到降低车辆运行延误、提高行车安全性的目的.以福州市浦上大道-金州南路-金港路交叉口为例,运用Vissim微观仿真软件和SSAM替代安全评价模型,从效率-安全2个方面综合比较安全协调信控方案与信控现状、单点优化方案的优劣.实验结果表明,相对于信控现状,单点优化方案和安全协调信控方案的效率-安全水平分别提升了36.17% 和57.17%,验证了安全协调信控方案的优越性.此外,通过Vissim调整2个交叉口之间的距离,比较安全协调信控方案和单点优化方案相对于信控现状的效率-安全综合优化程度.研究表明,近距离错位交叉口的间距越小,安全协调信控方案的优越性越明显.     

A robust non-Hertzian contact method for wheel–rail normal contact analysis

A modified Kik–Piotrowski (MKP) model is proposed in this paper for an accurate and robust calculation of wheel–rail normal contact problem. The presented method is able to consider the relationship between the elastic deformation of a line and the normal pressure distribution within the contact patch. A novel shape correction method is put forward to correctly describe the elastic deformation of the contact patch. Taking the results estimated by Kalker’s variational method and Kik–Piotrowski method as references, the proposed method is validated by three contact cases, including the assumed standardised non-Hertzian contact and the two-point contact, as well as the contact behaviours based on three actual wheel–rail profiles. The simulation results indicate that, compared with Kik–Piotrowski method, the proposed MKP method achieves better agreement with Kalker’s variational method. Moreover, the MKP method can avoid the abrupt change of wheel–rail normal force due to the sudden transfer of the contact point, which contributes to a better computational stability.