关于内河自卸砂船结构计算的若干问题

分析船舶内河自卸砂船结构计算中容易产生分歧的问题，提出解决问题的方法。     

船舶在长江浅区的操控研究

文章依据操纵理论和航行实践中的大量数据,采用归纳统计、数据拟合等方法,建立起能避免或减小浅区效应的数学模型,然后运用数学模型,以炜伦1号轮为例,定量研究航船在长江浅区的操控课题。     

Application of a validated primary production model (BLOOM) as a screening tool for marine, coastal and transitional waters

In order to manage aquatic systems, it is necessary to apply methods relating the environmental variables and system-state parameters with external factors that affect the system. External factors can be natural (i.e. the movement of water) or partly-anthropogenic (i.e. nutrient loads). In addition to the national authorities, who have been implementing environmental policies for several decades, the EU is presently implementing the Water Framework Directive (WFD) aimed at establishing a new set of standards for the ecological and water quality of water systems. Among these are the phytoplankton biomass and composition. Phytoplankton affects turbidity, oxygen depletion, total productivity of the system and the occurrence of (harmful) algal blooms. A range of methods is available to relate phytoplankton to the controlling environmental conditions. Among these are statistical relations for instance of the Vollenweider type as well as deterministic simulation models. At the end of the 1970s, a generic deterministic phytoplankton module called BLOOM was developed, which has since been applied to a wide range of fresh water and marine systems. Here we test the applicability of this model as a screening tool for coastal waters. We conclude that the model is able to reproduce observed chlorophyll levels adequately under a wide range of conditions. Subsequently the model is applied to demonstrate the potential impacts of reductions in nitrogen, phosphorus or both nutrients simultaneously. Depending on which factors are initially controlling, the impacts of these reductions vary considerably both between locations and during the season. While this type of application lacks explicit relations between nutrient concentrations and external loadings, it does consider a number of relevant conditions in a consistent way and requires remarkably little data and effort. It is therefore a valuable screening tool.     

Should chemical tankers' tank cleaning waters be banned from discharging into the sea?

Entering of chemical substances into aquatic environment occurs either by involuntary accidents or discharging of chemical wastes resulting from tank washing operations of tankers carrying chemicals. MARPOL 73/78 Convention strict regulations on discharging of chemical residues left in their tanks to the sea, but permits the discharging of such residues provided certain conditions are met. In the present study; the period from 1996 to 2016 is examined and the number of new tankers participating in the chemical tanker fleet and the distribution of these tankers according to dwt tonnage is shown. The tanker fleet which consisted of 1.882 ships in 1966 reached 3.923 units in 2016. Accordingly, the volume of chemical merchandise carried by sea was 132 million tons in 1996, but it reached 287 million tons in 2016. According to the order books, it is understood that these figures will increase even more. The increase in the number of tankers and the growth of the capacities means that more chemical substances are transported at the same time and the tonnage of the chemical waste discharged to the sea is also on increase. Based on the scientific background which proves that chemicals cause biological accumulation and acute and chronic toxicity on aquatic life, and the results of chemical tanker development over the last 20 years that has been presented; It is necessary for maritime authorities to reconsider the legal arrangements for allowing chemical tankers to discharge chemical wastes from tank washing waters to the sea.     

船舶在狭窄水域下水应对措施

滩涂造船因投资少、见效快,发展速度较快,但存在着较大的安全隐患。如在船舶下水过程中缺少科学知识,措施不力,极易造成船舶下水事故。针对这一情况,本文对下水过程运动状况、特点作了分析,只要利用有用力,控制不利力,才能避免船舶下水事故的发生。     

预应力混凝土大直径管桩在北方港口工程中的应用实践

预应力大直径混凝土管桩自20世纪80年代研制成功后;在我国南方各大港口得到了推广应用,但在我国北方港口中还没有大批量使用的先例。东营港扩建工程在北方港口首次大批量使用,通过进行大管桩抗冻、试桩等试验,沉桩获得成功。     

海上交通巡逻和救助船舶配置规模研究

为适应海上交通安全管理需要,确定巡逻和救助船舶配置规模,根据船舶使用水域和功能定位,将巡逻和救助船舶划分3种类型和7个系列,基于巡逻船雷达基本探测原理和巡逻路径,计算巡逻船有效监管距离和面积,基于海上交通应急到达时间要求和救助路径,计算救助船有效救助距离和面积,根据离岸不同距离水域面积和岸线长度,确定巡逻和救助船舶配置规模,提高巡逻和救助船舶布局规划的科学性。     

渡运水域船舶航行安全隐患的思考及预防对策

文中从航经渡运水域的船舶角度出发,着重对船舶航经渡运水域的安全隐患进行分析,并提出相应的预防对策,供有关方面人士参考.     

三峡库区桥区河段船舶运动模型与仿真研究

三峡成库后,库区在建跨河桥梁日渐增多,为避免或减少船桥碰撞事故,从船舶驾驶与避碰的角度,以石忠高速公路忠县长江大桥为研究对象,运用船舶操纵理论,建立船舶在桥区水域受风、流影响偏航数学模型,并通过仿真技术模拟船舶在桥区河段运动航迹,显示船舶通过大桥上下行三维视景,为研究三峡库区跨河桥梁主动防撞提供理论依据。     

中国海事水上巡航现状及发展趋势

对中国法律法规对中国海事水上巡航的要求以及中国海事水上巡航的现状和巡航模式作较全面的总结和分析,剖析存在的主要不足,综合考虑发展需求,指出中国海事水上巡航的发展趋势并提出相关建议。