Assessing the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk using microscopic data and surrogate safety measures

Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.     

超大型集装箱船安全靠泊洋山深水港

介绍洋山深水港的基本情况和超大型集装箱船安全靠泊洋山深水港的操纵方法和注意事项。     

应用磁天线技术解决长河二号导航系统监测问题

研制出了一款磁性天线用于解决长河二号监测系统连续监测问题并提高监测精度。磁天线相对于电天线更有利于接收长河二号信号,抑制干扰,提高信噪比,获得较高的时差测量精度,对台链各台发射信号的时间基准的调整更为准确。通过分别在导航台及监测站的试用,验证了磁性天线研制成功。     

模糊自适应滤波在车载组合导航系统中的应用

文章针对车载GPS/DR组合导航系统工作环境复杂,其观测噪声相应复杂多变的特点,引入了一种基于模糊自适应控制的卡尔曼滤波算法。这一方法基于方差匹配的思想,通过模糊控制器在线调整观测噪声方差,以改变滤波器的自适应性,从而提高导航精度。文章最后对GPS/DR系统进行了仿真,结果表明采用此方法后的滤波精度优于常规Kal-man滤波的结果。     

简化UKF算法在SINS／GPS组合导航中的应用

针对SINS／GPS组合导航系统的特点,建立了系统的非线性误差模型。根据系统状态方程为非线性而观测方程为线性的特点,将一种简化的UKF方法（Rao-Blackwellisation Additive Unscented Kalman Filter,RBAUKF）用于SINS／GPS组合导航系统中,RBAUKF采用较少的采样点数目和简化的更新算法,降低了计算复杂度。最后,在机动条件下,进行了SINS／GPS组合导航实验仿真。仿真结果表明,RBAUKF相比EKF具有更高的滤波精度,更适合在SINS／GPS组合导航系统中应用。     

水面舰艇反鱼雷鱼雷作战使用方法研究

国外海军在研究发展反鱼雷鱼雷（ATT）,但对于其作战使用方法问题,却很少公开报道。针对ATT作战使用时的两种作战模式,建立鱼雷与ATT之间的对抗模型,分析了ATT的射击提前角与鱼雷来袭舷角、鱼雷报警距离、鱼雷速度、ATT速度之间的关系,为ATT的作战使用提供理论参考,并给出了几条结论。     

高速单体船航行性能与结构力学特征综合优化初步研究

建立高速单体船航行性能与结构力学特征综合优化的数学模型,将遗传算法改进成一种适应多目标和多约束的算法,并将其应用于高速单体船航行性能与结构力学特征综合优化计算问题,利用界面友好的VC 软件编程。优化结果表明,改进的遗传算法计算可靠、效率高,并为设计综合性能优良的高速单体船船型准备了良好的基础条件。     

一种高精度的天文导航姿态与航向解算模型

利用天文导航进行运载体姿态及航向解算是导航领域一个新的研究课题,具有重大的研究意义及应用价值.本文介绍了一种构建在天球坐标系中的天文导航姿态与航向解算模型.该模型在不利用惯导姿态数据的前提下进行计算,通过构建的模型演变得到运载体的精确姿态及航向,可以有效校正惯导设备因惯性陀螺漂移而导致的姿态误差与航向误差.实际应用表明,该模型对于校正惯性陀螺漂移,提高惯导设备精度具有重大意义.     

基于Unscented卡尔曼滤波器的地磁辅助组合导航

将船位推算与地磁测量相结合构成组合导航方法.首先建立了推算模型,然后利用Unscented卡尔曼滤波方法,直接将地磁测量的结果用于校正推算结果,进行导航定位.此方法不采用匹配方法进行定位,可进行实时定位,能适用于非线性和离散的地磁模型.仿真表明,此方法能减小定位误差,适用于基于船位推算和地磁定位的实时组合导航.     

对台直航船舶监督管理初探

文中简要分析了泉金客运航线的通航现状及各类对台直航船舶的监管特点,介绍了海事部门在对台直航船舶监督管理方面积累的成功做法和宝贵经验,形成对直航船舶监督管理的初步探讨意见和相关建议,供相关海事机构决策参考。