数值水池短峰不规则波模拟研究

基于粘性数值波浪水池技术,对短峰不规则波进行数值模拟.文中首先改进了长峰不规则波的数值模拟方法,并使用改进后的方法进行了不同海况下长峰不规则波数值模拟,模拟效果明显改善,数值模拟结果与目标值储吻合相当好.之后进行了短峰不规则波的数值模拟,模拟结果与特征值/目标谱也相当接近.     

井筒与输油管线的物理防蜡技术综述

文中通过对大量相关文献的分析总结,对目前各大油田常用的物理防蜡技术的发展历史、工作原理、适用环境以及使用条件进行了归纳、介绍,并对这些防蜡技术在实验室中的实验结果和近年来油田使用后的效果进行了分析总结.这些防蜡技术的分类介绍为各大油田在实践中面临不同采油条件和原油组分时筛选防蜡方法提供了理论性的依据,也为防蜡技术的进一...     

Incorporating Driver Behaviors in Network Design Problems: Challenges and Opportunities

The goal of a network design problem (NDP) is to make optimal decisions to achieve a certain objective such as minimizing total travel time or maximizing tolls collected in the network. A critical component to NDP is how travelers make their route choices. Researchers in transportation have adopted human decision theories to describe more accurate route choice behaviors. In this paper, we review the NDP with various route choice models: the random utility model (RUM), random regret-minimization (RRM) model, bounded rationality (BR), cumulative prospect theory (CPT), the fuzzy logic model (FLM) and dynamic learning models. Moreover, we identify challenges in applying behavioral route choice models to NDP and opportunities for future research.     

Speed variation during peak and off-peak hours on urban arterials in Shanghai

Increased speed variation on urban arterials is associated with reductions in both operational performance and safety. Traffic flow, mean speed, traffic control parameters and geometric design features are known to affect speed variation. An exploratory study of the relationships among these variables could provide a foundation for improving the operational and safety performance of urban arterials, however, such a study has been hampered by problems in measuring speeds. The measurement of speed has traditionally been accomplished using spot speed collection methods such as radar, laser and loop detectors. These methods can cover only limited locations, and consequently are not able to capture speed distributions along an entire network, or even throughout any single road segment. In Shanghai, it is possible to acquire the speed distribution of any roadway segment, over any period of interest, by capturing data from Shanghai’s 50,000+ taxis equipped with Global Positional Systems (GPS). These data, hereafter called Floating Car Data, were used to calculate mean speed and speed variation on 234 road segments from eight urban arterials in downtown Shanghai. Hierarchical models with random variables were developed to account for spatial correlations among segments within each arterial and heterogeneities among arterials. Considering that traffic demand changes throughout the day, AM peak, Noon off-peak, and PM peak hours were studied separately. Results showed that increases in number of lanes and number of access points, the presence of bus stops and increases in mean speed were all associated with increased speed variation, and that increases in traffic volume and traffic signal green times were associated with reduced speed variation. These findings can be used by engineers to minimize speed differences during the road network planning stage and continuing through the traffic management phase.     

Experimental study on the nonlinear pressure acting on a high-speed vessel in regular waves

It is well known that the hydrodynamic responses of a high-speed vessel traveling in regular head waves of even moderate wave height can show significant nonlinear behavior, and so linear statistical techniques become insufficient for predicting the statistics of responses in irregular waves. On the other hand, it has been shown that an approximate third-order Volterra model is applicable to handling the statistics of some nonlinear seakeeping problems, such as motions and vertical hull girder loads. In the present study, the focus is on the nonlinear behavior of the pressure responses of the hull surface, especially on the pressures acting on alternately wet and dry areas near the waterline and on the bow zone with high deadrise angles that may be subject to slight impact and water pile-up effects. To clarify the validity of applying Volterra modeling to this problem, a series of experiments in regular and irregular head waves were carried out, and approximate third-order and fifth-order Volterra models with the proposed algorithm for finding frequency response functions (FRFs) were applied as a means of validation. In the present article, the first part of the validation was performed using experimental data in regular waves. It was confirmed that the third-order Volterra model has adequate accuracy to simulate deterministically the variation of pressure responses in regular waves of different wave steepness up to a wave amplitude to wavelength ratio of 0.01 even for the highly nonlinear pressures acting on the above-mentioned areas of the hull surface.     

随机减量法识别转向架构架的频率

随机减量法是一种随机激扰下的模态参数识别方法。在实际线路上对CW-200转向架构架的振动加速度进行了测量,并依据随机减量法对测得的加速度数据进行了构架的三阶刚体模态的识别,得到了三阶刚体模态对应的频率。证实了随机减量法识别构架模态参数的可行性。     

公路隧道爆破掘进震动效应研究

根据单孔爆破荷载峰值的大小随距离的衰减关系及药包分散性的影响对多孔爆破荷载进行推导,得到控制爆破下的爆破荷载计算模式,将川本眺万等提出的不连续岸体中的损伤力学理论引入到对隧道围岩中的传播进行了解析法和有限法的数值模拟,得出一些有益的结论。     

靠船墩可靠性设计方法

通过对靠船墩三维结构随机力学分析,提出基于可靠度理论下的靠船墩设计方法,可直接应用于工程实践     

结构系统广义可靠性及数值仿真

建立了结构系统广义可靠性分析模型。根据随机变量可能同时具有随机性和模糊性的特点,分别提出了模糊强度—随机应力、随机强度—模糊应力和模糊强度—模糊应力情况下的模糊可靠性分析方法。同时,建立了结构系统为独立单元部件串联或并联组成的模糊可靠性分析模型。考虑到不同模糊随机变量组合下的可靠性积分一般不存在解析解的情况,提出了用仿真法计算可靠度数值解,并阐述了数值仿真的基本原理和步骤。通过实例介绍了方法的具体运用。     

向量时序SVM-AR模型在公路软土地基沉降中的预测研究

为提高公路软土地基沉降预测的精度,提高工程的安全性,文中分别探讨了SVM模型和时序AR模型适用范围和特点,并结合2类模型各自优点提出SVM-AR模型。该模型用SVM模型预测趋势沉降量,用AR模型预测随机沉降量,然后组合获得预测沉降量。工程实例表明,SVM-AR比SVM模型预测结果更为准确,更好地反映公路软土地基沉降过程。