Local scour at submarine pipelines

The rapid development of offshore oilfields has increased the number of submarine pipelines being constructed for the transport of crude oil to onshore refineries.Interactions between the pipeline and an erodible bed under the influence of current and waves often lead to local scouring around the structure.When this occurs, the pipeline may be suspended on the seabed resulting in the formation of a span.If the free span is long enough, the pipe may experience resonant flow-induced oscillations,leading to structural failure.This study examines the complex flow-structure-sediment interaction leading to the development of local scour holes around submarine pipelines.It reviews published literature in this area,which primarily is confined to the development of 2- dimensional scour holes.Despite the abundance of such research studies,pipeline-scour in the field essentially is 3-dimensional in nature.Hence,most of these studies have overlooked the importance of the transverse dimension of the scour hole,while emphasizing on its vertical dimension.This clearly is an issue that must be re-examined in light of the potential hazard and environmental disaster that one faces in the event of a pipeline failure.Recent studies have begun to recognize this shortcoming,and attempts have been made to overcome the deficiency.The study presents the state-of-the-art knowledge on local scour at submarine pipelines,both from a 2-dimensional as well as the 3-dimensional perspective.     

基于小波变换的海洋平台结构损伤检测

基于结构动力特性的海洋工程结构损伤检测是一个非常有工程应用价值的研究课题。特别是对于海洋平台水线以下的结构损伤,一般通过结构的频率、振型和频响函数等的变化用来发现损伤。但是对于早期的损伤(通常损伤量很小),上述结构动力特性参数的变化可能很小从而不足以反映结构的这种早期微小损伤。文章提出采用小波变换的方法来进行小损伤的检测,将结构的频响函数(FRF)和加速度响应进行小波变换,很好地预报了损伤的存在。文中还以某海洋平台为例,进行了模型试验,从而验证了提出方法的可行性。     

半潜式海洋钻井平台生产设计任务分解研究

文章对半潜式海洋钻井平台生产设计任务分解开展研究,将生产设计任务按阶段、区域、专业、作业类型、作业性质进行分类,基于WBS分解原理(Work Breakdown Structure),将半潜式海洋钻井平台生产设计任务逐层分解成较小的可控任务,以便落实到具体设计人员,从而有效控制生产设计进度。     

海洋钻机提升系统对比分析

针对海洋钻机绞车提升和液缸举升两种提升系统,从装机功率、钻柱补偿系统配置方案、系统效率、重量重心、取样作业、对船体的影响、操作维护性等方面进行详细的对比分析,总结出绞车提升与液缸举升两种提升系统采用不同配套方案的优缺点,其对比分析结果可为如何选择海洋钻机提升系统提供参考。     

非线性混合海况下近海风机塔筒底部载荷的动力响应

本文主要研究在非线性混合海况(即风浪和涌浪组合海况)下,以NREL 5MW_Baseline Monopile近海风机为研究对象,对其塔筒底部(基线)所受到的剪力和弯矩载荷的动力响应进行仿真。在近海风机的时域仿真中,选用了Ochi-Hubble六参数波浪谱,并编制了该谱的程序嵌入到FAST中进行编译。计算过程中,共进行了20次10 min的仿真分析。对于得到的短期载荷,给出了波高程,塔筒底部首尾向剪力和弯矩在线性与非线性不规则波作用下的时程曲线对比图。采用分块最大值法对每一次的短期载荷提取极值,并基于20次仿真所得的极值,给出了塔筒底部首尾向剪力与弯矩在线性与非线性不规则波作用下的超越概率曲线对比图。研究表明,在非线性混合海况下进行近海风机塔筒底部载荷的动力响应研究,计算结果对工程实际应用具有指导意义。     

离岸混凝土框架结构整体预制吊装施工技术

以广西北部湾钦州港30万吨级油码头控制楼施工为依托,介绍一种离岸混凝土框架结构整体预制吊装的施工技术,研究混凝土框架结构整体吊装的受力稳定性以及预制、吊运和安装的主要施工工艺,提出该技术的施工控制要点,为今后离岸混凝土框架结构施工提供新的工艺选择以及技术参考。     

三浮体式海上风电基础结构响应研究

采用SESAM软件包对一种三浮桶式海上风电基础结构进行了运动响应计算。采用GeniE模块建立了该三浮桶海上风电基础结构的结构模型和水动力模型,并在HydroD模块中进行了组合载荷以及运动响应的计算,对其水动力特性进行了分析。在其中的波浪载荷计算过程中,采用基于三维水动力理论的设计波方法。     

高端海洋工程装备确定性设计方法研究

海洋工程是国家新兴战略型产业,目前,高端海洋工程装备关键技术几乎掌握在欧洲与美洲发达国家、新加坡、日本、韩国手中,为快速提升中国在高端海洋工程装备技术领域的实力,需要找到创新型方法和途径。确定性设计方法在兼容并蓄海内外设计经验的同时,有利于国内研究院所和各海洋工程承包商迅速掌握海洋工程装备核心技术,突破国外技术枷锁,迅速积累高端海洋工程装备设计经验,为进一步开拓海洋工程装备市场奠定基础。     

双平面焊接圆管截面DKT节点的中心撑杆鞍点及冠点位置的应力集中系数(英文)

A set of parametric stress analyses was carried out for two-planar tubular DKT-joints under different axial loading conditions.The analysis results were used to present general remarks on the effects of the geometrical parameters on stress concentration factors(SCFs) at the inner saddle,outer saddle,and crown positions on the central brace.Based on results of finite element(FE) analysis and through nonlinear regression analysis,a new set of SCF parametric equations was established for fatigue design purposes.An assessment study of equations was conducted against the experimental data and original SCF database.The satisfaction of acceptance criteria proposed by the UK Department of Energy(UK DoE) was also checked.Results of parametric study showed that highly remarkable differences exist between the SCF values in a multi-planar DKT-joint and the corresponding SCFs in an equivalent uni-planar KT-joint having the same geometrical properties.It can be clearly concluded from this observation that using the equations proposed for uni-planar KT-connections to compute the SCFs in multi-planar DKT-joints will lead to either considerably under-predicting or over-predicting results.Hence,it is necessary to develop SCF formulae specially designed for multi-planar DKT-joints.Good results of equation assessment according to UK DoE acceptance criteria,high values of correlation coefficients,and the satisfactory agreement between the predictions of the proposed equations and the experimental data guarantee the accuracy of the equations.Therefore,the developed equations can be reliably used for fatigue design of offshore structures.     

2011年世界船舶市场评述与未来展望

在"增长放缓、风险增大"的2011年全球经济环境下,世界航运市场受"运力投放无休、运营成本增加"的影响而表现为"低迷不振"。新船的不断交付也使世界商船队年轻化势不可挡。新船建造市场同比有所下滑,液货船和散货船表现不佳,集装箱船和海工市场表现较好,新船价格呈现小幅下调趋势。预计2012年世界船市在三大主力船型上仍不容乐观,海工市场继续有尚佳表现。