利用汽车制动能量提高发动机充量系数的仿真研究

分析了汽车制动能量回收再利用的几种典型方式及现状,研究了利用汽车制动能量提高发动机充量系数,从而提高发动机功率的理论依据,并利用GT-POWER软件进行了模拟分析。分析表明,利用制动能量能有效提高发动机的充量系数。     

城市轨道交通列车运行过程的多目标优化研究

为了使城市轨道交通列车运行曲线能更好地为司机提供驾驶指导,进一步保证列车高效运行,在前人研究的基础上,建立包含巡航模式的列车运行过程优化模型。在建模过程中综合考虑列车运行过程的时间、能耗、乘坐舒适度、精确停车等多个性能指标,并使用差分进化算法对建立的模型进行求解。由于传统的差分进化算法存在许多不足,采用一种具有自适应参数调整策略的改进差分进化算法。通过调整算法的变异因子和交叉因子,增加了种群的多样性、扩大了全局搜索区域,避免了局部最优解,同时在后期也加快了收敛速度。通过对所选线路的仿真优化,使各优化性能指标达到了整体相对最优,验证了模型与算法的有效性。     

涡轮增压器失效分析

分析涡轮增压器失效原因,提出使用、检查、保养注意事项。     

微波除冰关键技术及应用前景分析

由冻雨形成的冰层由于与路面粘结强度大，普通除冰除雪机械无法清除，微波除冰技术可以对冰层与路面接触处进行加热，使冰层与路面分离，实现快速除冰。但是微波除冰技术的应用存在微波利用率低，设备复杂等难点。对钛酸钡加入沥青混凝土之后的微波吸收效率进行了试验，得知加入钛酸钡后混凝土对微波的吸收效率有明显提高，并指出微波除冰技术的研究应该注意微波加热设备的灵活利用和将微波除冰技术纳入综合除冰除雪体系。     

Efficiency of urban public transit: A meta analysis

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, to provide a statistical overview of the literature on public transit efficiency performance. Second, to statistically explain the variation in efficiency findings reported in the literature. To this end, first some key concepts of efficiency analysis will be introduced, while next the different frontier methodologies that are used in the literature will be discussed. The empirical part of this paper consists of a statistical summary of the literature as well as meta-regression analyses for different samples of the literature in order to identify key determinants of technical efficiency (TE) of public transit operators. For a broad sample of observations, we found significant and consistent effects of the type of database, region and output measurement method. For the sample of non-parametric studies we found that the type of frontier assumptions also have an impact on the efficiency ratio. Further results show that there is no statistical difference in TE ratios between parametric and non-parametric studies. Finally, we found a positive univariate relationship between the number of inputs in the estimated specification and the efficiency ratio.     

安全评价技术在老路改建中的应用研究

结合沪宁高速公路南京连接线改造工程,在已有交通事故统计资料、全线几何设计参数和大量实测数据的基础上,运用事故统计分析、人机工程学理论和运行速度理念等新的安全评价技术对该路段的安全状况进行分析与评价。通过对所得数据的评价分析找出事故隐患路段和事故黑点并提出具体的安全整改措施,为安全评价技术在老路改建中的应用作了有益的尝试。     

第三方物流企业约定作业能力控制研究

随着第三方物流企业应用高科技的速度不断加快以及模仿能力的普遍提高,企业竞争日趋激烈,准确核算和有效控制成本成为第三方物流企业提高管理水平、增强市场竞争优势的关键。成本控制的重点正逐渐向作业能力的控制与管理上转移。研究作业成本法在第三方物流企业作业能力成本控制中的应用,能够使企业根据未来物流服务的需求,确定未来期间最优的约定作业能力水平,从而为企业有效地控制约定作业能力成本提供科学的依据。     

多缸汽油机进气瞬态性能的研究

本文利用所建立的进气模型，对火花点火式发动机的进气特性进行了数值和分析。结果表明所采用的研究方法具的较高的实用价值，文中还对火花点火式发动机的各缸进气不均匀性和不均匀偏和了研究，为改善发动机缸内燃烧过程的均匀性提供了有效的方法。     

The operation of Swedish motor-vehicle inspections: efficiency and some problems concerning regulation

Efficiency in the operation of the Swedish motor-vehicle inspection monopoly was examined by analyzing data on all decision-making units related to production of inspection services during 1993. In addition, theoretically based arguments concerning some regulation problems are discussed. The results imply a fairly high level of technical efficiency, which might be explained by the extensive practice of yardstick-competition in the industry. The findings, based on a best-practice approach, do not indicate strong empirical evidence in support of a deregulation of the industry. However, the regulation problems discussed may provide motives for deregulation.     

Productivity,efficiency and technical change in the European railways: A non-parametric approach

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the evolution of productivity in the European railways in the period 1970–95. We use a non-parametric approach that enables changes in productivity to be broken down into variations in efficiency and technical change. The results indicate that the productivity growth is concentrated in the last period (1985–95), when the majority of the companies undertook processes of reforms. This increase in productivity is mainly due to technical progress. We also analyse the determinants of efficiency and, unlike other papers, the technical change, finding that the greater the degree of autonomy and financial independence, the higher the efficiency levels and technical change. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.