有轨电车可持续发展研究

近年来国内有轨电车快速发展,但同时由于对有轨电车认识不充分,定位不准确,片面追求城市景观、经济带动、示范试验等作用,忽视有轨电车基本交通功能,而出现诸如客流效益差、建设成本高、运营成本高等问题。选取国内已运营有轨电车项目中的典型案例,分别从实际客流、建设成本、运营成本等方面进行论证分析,指出存在的问题及主要原因,并对交通影响和运营安全等方面进行阐述。提出有轨电车的建设应以发展交通、解决交通问题为初衷,先规划后建设;应把投资用在关键部分,降低建设成本;应提高有轨电车的运营效率,降低运营成本。     

城市轨道交通运营客流交通状态评价

客观评价客流交通状态对于改善城市轨道交通运营服务水平、提高运营管理效率具有重要意义。在定义城轨运营客流交通状态的基础上,以乘客流的均衡程度和顺畅程度为准则,构建了客流交通状态的三层评价指标体系;根据某城市地铁1号线运营实际客流数据,计算各评价指标,并用层次分析法对客流交通状态进行评价。评价结果与实际情况相吻合,验证了城轨运营客流交通状态评价体系的合理性,能够为城市轨道交通运营管理提供理论支持。     

区域轨道交通的建设标准及运营管理

介绍了轨道交通的分类。总结了区域轨道交通线路的建设和运营特点,提出了区域轨道交通的建设和运营管理建议,分析了区域轨道交通的基本技术标准,强调了区域轨道交通是体现一体化铁路与城市轨道交通整体效益的关键层次,供我国区域轨道交通的规划建设及运营管理作参考。     

深大基坑施工对既有地铁盾构隧道结构影响的监控

南京河西地区地质条件差,地下水丰富,深大基坑施工对周边既有运营地铁盾构隧道结构和列车运营安全有重大影响。文章在分析深大基坑施工对南京某运营地铁盾构隧道影响的基础上,提出了针对盾构隧道结构病害、结构变形以及关键设备等方面的系统性监控措施,取得了良好效果。     

地铁盾构隧道管片结构性试验标准探讨

通过阐述杭州地铁盾构管片试验,探讨地铁盾构管片结构性试验判定合格的标准.给出抗弯性能试验过程、管片的抗弯荷载及相对应的内力如何取值,通过试验中管片承载标准与设计中管片的承载标准的比较结果,探讨管片结构性试验判定的两套标准.阐述地铁隧道耐久性设计的重点、抗弯试验的重要性、管片抗拔试验标准及抗拔试验的重要性,提出明确的试验...     

Assimilation of altimetric data in the mid-latitude oceans using the Singular Evolutive Extended Kalman filter with an eddy-resolving, primitive equation model

A new data assimilation scheme has been elaborated for ocean circulation models based on the concept of an evolutive, reduced-order Kalman filter. The dimension of the assimilation problem is reduced by expressing the initial error covariance matrix as a truncated series of orthogonal perturbations. This error sub-space evolves during the assimilation so as to capture the growing modes of the estimation error. The algorithm has been formulated in quite a general fashion to make it tractable with a large variety of ocean models and measurement types. In the present paper, we have examined three possible strategies to compute the evolution of the error subspace in the so-called Singular Evolutive Extended Kalman (SEEK) filter: the steady filter considers a time-independent error sub-space, the apprentice filter progressively enriches the error sub-space with the information learned from the innovation vector after each analysis step, and the dynamical filter updates the error sub-space according to the model dynamics. The SEEK filter has been implemented to assimilate synthetic observations of the surface topography in a non-linear, primitive equation model that uses density as vertical coordinate. A simplified box configuration has been adopted to simulate a Gulf Stream-like current and its associated eddies and gyres with a resolution of 20 km in the horizontal, and 4 levels in the vertical. The concept of twin experiments is used to demonstrate that the conventional SEEK filter must be complemented by a learning mechanism in order to model the misrepresented tail of the error covariance matrix. An approach based on the vertical physics of the isopycnal model, is shown particularly robust to control the velocity field in deep layers with surface observations only. The cost of the method makes it a suitable candidate for large-size assimilation problems and operational applications.     

中央级综合监控系统故障时的降级运行方案

针对地铁综合监控系统(ISCS)中的运营安全问题,对比正常情况下ISCS运行保护机制和中央级ISCS故障情况下的降级运行两种模式,介绍ISCS运行保护机制的实现目标以及采取的方法,重点提出在中央控制中心故障情况下的降级解决方案,探讨降级后各部分工作的具体流程,最后分析转换为降级模式的后备工作和转换方法。     

合蚌客专接入合肥枢纽GSM-R系统优化及运营安全方案

以合肥至蚌埠客运专线项目作为研究对象,该工程在合肥枢纽GSM-R系统无线覆盖设计和频率规划非常困难。对高速环境下的GSM-R移动通信系统接入既有速度不同、列控等级不同、GSM-R,系统承载的业务也不同的线路进行探讨,提出解决方案。同时为确保高铁通信设备的安全,保障已运营线路稳定、可靠的安全行车,新建线路接入时需对既有线路核心设备安全运营方面进行考虑,采取保障运营安全措施。     

Finite-element model calibration of a railway vehicle based on experimental modal parameters

This article describes the experimental calibration of a three-dimensional numerical model of an Alfa Pendular train vehicle based on modal parameters. The dynamic tests of the carbody and bogie of the vehicle allowed the determination of the frequencies and modal configurations of 13 vibration modes, by applying the data-driven stochastic subspace identification method. In addition, a dynamic characterisation test of the passenger-seat system was also conducted. The calibration of the model was performed using a submodelling/multistep approach involving two phases, the first one focused on the calibration of the model of the bogie under test conditions and the second one focused on the calibration of the complete model of the vehicle. The calibration was performed through an iterative method based on a genetic algorithm and allowed to obtain optimal values of 17 parameters of the numerical model. For the pairing of the vibration modes, real and complex, a recent technique was used based on the calculation of the modal strain energy. The stability of a significant number of parameters considering different initial populations demonstrated the robustness of the algorithm. The comparison of experimental and numerical responses before and after calibration revealed significant improvements in the numerical model and a very good correlation between the responses obtained with the calibrated model and the experimental responses.     

列车完整性检测的不同实现方式对运营安全的影响

列车完整性检测是列车安全防护的重要环节。详细描述地铁列车完整性检测采用的触点式车钩连接器式和跨接线式两种不同方案。结合列车车辆信号系统的工作原理,分析了跨接线式列车完整性检测方案对地铁运营安全的影响。由于跨接线方案中,如5处车钩连接器均断开,其对运营安全的影响巨大,且列车在坡道因素影响复杂,故触点式连接器方案更有优势。