低硫法令对船舶柴油机的影响及解决方案

在全球新一轮低硫法令的背景下,从燃油喷射、燃油不相容性以及排气阀等角度深入分析低硫燃油对船舶柴油机的影响.在此基础上,详细介绍瓦锡兰公司提出的针对燃油和滑油系统的双油柜系统解决方案以及柴油机安装TriboPack组件的建议.通过引用个案,说明双油柜系统解决方案较之其它低硫应对方案具有更佳的运营经济性,值得进一步推广.     

地基承载力问题中的破坏模式与度量标准

针对工程的实际情况,研究重力式结构地基可能的破坏模式,建立合理的地基承载力计算模式。通过对地基承载力研究中的破坏模式、设计荷载的作用面宽度、地基承载力稳定性度量标准等问题的讨论,认为:重力式码头是单向破坏模式,且需同时考虑整体破坏与局部破坏;直立式防波堤应是双向破坏模式,同样需考虑整体破坏与局部破坏。目前的对基床底面实际受压宽度的确定往往会导致地基承载力计算值的偏大。地基承载力问题用整体破坏模式的单一抗力分项系数,只能度量整体破坏,不能反映地基土可能发生的局部破坏;且不能准确反映地基土强度指标的不确定性,应采用强度分项系数与荷载分项系数来共同度量地基的承载能力。     

基于位移的整体桥混凝土桩基抗震设计准则

实际工程中的整体桥常采用柔性桩基础吸纳温度或地震作用下产生的水平往复变形.为研究整体桥桩基的抗震性能和变形能力等,开展多种类型桩基的拟静力试验研究,分析比较不同类型桩基的破坏模式、水平变形与承栽能力、应变与弯矩分布规律等.研究结果表明:钢筋混凝土 RC桩和PHC管桩的破坏位置随配筋率和预应力度的增加而加深,桩-土相互作...     

利用正线夜间停放客车提高运营效率的可行性

如果一条线路只有一座车辆段,并设在靠近线路的端部时,必须使线路两端终点站的运营服务时间基本接近。非运营时间客车全部停放在车辆段的传统做法,使运营时间利用率低、运营与夜间维修和施工时间的矛盾日渐突出。通过对利用正线非运营时间停放过夜客车来提高运营效率的可行性研究,结合广州地铁1、2号线的现状分析,提出解决方案,可减少列车空走和司机劳动强度,提高服务水平,有效地提高正线运营效率。     

搭载自动驾驶功能的智能网联汽车安全测试与评估方法研究

目前,针对搭载自动驾驶功能的智能网联汽车,国内外正在广泛开展特定设计运行条件下的道路测试、示范应用等工作,其安全测试与评估方法已经成为当前行业研究的热点和难点。从第三方视角出发,重点针对汽车智能化、网联化面临的主要安全风险,将智能网联汽车的安全测试与评估分为基础测评和监测调整两个阶段。在基础测评阶段,综合评估产品对过程保障及测试要求的符合情况;在监测调整阶段,基于对车辆实际安全状态的监测,适时调整安全评估结果。在此基础上,重点梳理了基于场景的测试、安全评估、监测等测评方法的内在逻辑及原则要求。分别阐述了功能安全、预期功能安全、网络安全和数据安全等过程保障方法及主要要求,以及模拟仿真、封闭场地、实际道路、网络安全和数据安全、软件升级、数据记录等测试方法及主要要求。提出的方法为特定设计运行条件下,具有自动驾驶功能的智能网联汽车综合安全评估提供了参考。     

Comparison of vibration response prediction on the main deck of a catamaran using experimental,numerical and correlated mode shapes

This work analyses the influence of three types of modal matrices on the prediction of vibration response (virtual sensing), at unmeasured degree of freedoms (DOFs), on a catamaran’s main deck: (1) uncorrelated finite element (FE), (2) correlated FE and (3) experimental modal matrices.A multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) framework was developed to handle the optimization and prediction processes. This framework introduces a new metric called Time–Frequency-Error Response Assurance Criteria (TFERAC) to assess the prediction quality. This metric also allows estimating the best set of modal acceleration vectors, which is a critical step in the virtual sensing process.As a case study, only 06 accelerometers and 13 vibration modes (within each modal matrix) were used in the virtual sensing. The MOGA framework’s performance was evaluated using a variance analysis test (ANOVA) between measured and predicted response signals.Results showed that: (1) any one of the modal matrices could be used successfully for virtual sensing on the main deck, that is, there is no need to use correlated FE or experimental modal matrices; (2) the newly proposed metric TFERAC leads to smaller errors in the prediction of both vibration time series and vibration spectra;(3) it is possible to perform a virtual sensing on a ship’s main deck using a limited number of sensors and a numerical modal matrix without being correlated with experimental data.     

罗泾港区二期工程矿石堆场堆取料机基础设计

由于工期限制,罗泾港区矿石堆场堆取料机基础建在使用期持续沉降变形(3 m左右)的软弱地基上。针对使用期地基沉降变形,设计了使用期可调整的堆取料机基础结构,并给出了堆取料机基础使用期验评标准。设计认为传递到深层土体的堆场矿石荷载是平衡的,皮带机系统轴线水平位移是由于传递到上层土体的堆场矿石荷载不平衡导致上层土体变形而产生的,提出加筋垫层可以消除皮带机系统轴线横向变形。     

Parametric method for the assessment of fatigue damage for marine shaft lines

An original parametric method is introduced for the assessment of the fatigue life of marine shaft lines. The particularity of the method lies in the fact it introduces a relevant load modelling around a limited number of parameters specific to marine shaft lines while depicting the loading complexity (multiaxiality, mean stress effect, non-proportionality of the loading path). The method is designed to allow for assessments, in both in-use and pre-design phase shafts, towards a particular fatigue damage mode. The observations made in this study show two damage modes. On one hand, a damage mode issued from multiaxial cycles and associated with ship maneuvers, corresponding to HCF regime. On the other hand, there is a damage mode in the VHCF regime resulting from bending stress cycles due to the structure rotary bending.