超大断面隧道软弱破碎围岩台阶法施工过程力学效应规律研究

超大断面软弱围岩隧道施工过程中,采用台阶法施工方案容易引起大面积塌方,但是可以有效缩短施工工期,从安全性的角度出发,台阶法施工特别是作为台阶法核心问题的台阶高度选择值得进一步分析。依托兰渝铁路两水隧道,采用三维数值仿真手段,分别建立台阶高度取H/3,H/2,2H/3和最大宽度处模型,模拟了铁路隧道在极软弱围岩中采用台阶法施工选择不同台阶高度的施工过程,对比不同台阶高度下隧道的拱顶沉降、水平收敛和掌子面挤出变形,揭示了台阶法施工过程中围岩力学效应的演化规律,并最终得出最优台阶高度,为工程施工提供参考。     

基于Matlab的公路养护作业区长度优化方法研究

公路养护工作是维持道路正常运行的基本保证,设置养护作业区往往需要封闭部分车道,这常会给道路上的交通流带来不利影响,对养护作业长度进行优化设计可以减少这些负面影响。在考虑道路交通流量的时间变化特性基础上建立了养护作业费用模型,利用Matlab工具初步实现了在道路交通流随时间变化情况下的作业区长度优化计算,并给出了具体算例。     

白车身动态灵敏度分析及优化设计

建立了国产某轿车白车身有限元模型,计算得出白车身低阶振动固有频率和固有振型,进行了振动固有频率对壳体厚度等结构参数的灵敏度分析,在灵敏度分析的基础上,选取灵敏部件进行了结构优化设计。     

钢桥面SMA沥青铺装层应用优化研究

鉴于SMA沥青混合料近年来在正交异性钢箱梁桥面铺装层上的应用效果不是很理想,以及对国内已建钢箱梁桥面铺装层的分析研究,从混合料级配优化角度,试验室制作采用不同沥青改性剂、外加剂组合成的五种SMA沥青混合料,通过室内试验,确定每种方案的常规指标、车辙等路用性能指标,并结合复合梁疲劳试验结果进行对比分析,最终确定了最佳的沥青混合料组合方案。结果表明,高粘改性剂相对SBS改性剂有较好的路用性能,各种外加剂的选用对混合料的高温稳定性、耐疲劳性有较大提高。     

钢管混凝土拱桥吊杆施工技术优化研究

有吊杆参与的桥梁结构均存在结构线型调整与吊杆索力优化问题,吊杆张拉状况很大程度上可决定桥梁结构最终的外形和内力分布情况。以钢管混凝土拱桥吊杆施工优化关键技术为对象,研究吊杆施工初始张拉力的确定以及不同吊杆张拉顺序对成桥状态的影响。     

水力数值模型在合流污水一期系统中的运用与研究

该文根据水文学、水力学和计算机模拟技术的发展,通过计算机水力模型技术,对上海合流一期排水系统运行进行模拟,提出系统内相关泵站的运行优化方案。然后经过现场实际检验,获得了合理的控制方式,使整个系统更高效、更稳定地运行。     

基于有限元法及遗传算法的推力杆球铰多目标优化方法

为优化推力杆的球铰结构并提高其疲劳寿命,提出一种基于有限元法和遗传算法的推力杆球铰多目标优化方法。该优化方法通过有限元法计算不同橡胶衬套预压缩量和球铰结构的推力杆球铰橡胶衬套的应变分布特征和刚度参数,进而得到推力杆刚度参数、橡胶衬套预压缩量与球铰关键结构参数之间的关系,并在此基础上采用遗传算法建立推力杆球铰的多目标优化模型。利用建立的多目标优化模型计算得到推力杆球铰的优化方案。样件台架试验结果表明,此优化方案使推力杆球铰的疲劳寿命提高了7倍。提出的多目标优化方法充实了变截面橡胶金属复合结构的设计理论,并为推力杆的优化设计提供了理论依据。     

A joint bottom-up solution methodology for system-level pavement rehabilitation and reconstruction

We present a methodology for the joint optimization of rehabilitation and reconstruction activities for heterogeneous pavement systems under multiple budget constraints. The proposed bottom-up approach adopts an augmented condition state to account for the history-dependent properties of pavement deterioration, and solves for steady-state policies for an infinite horizon. Genetic algorithms (GAs) are implemented in the system-level optimization based on segment-specific optimization results. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is polynomial in the size of the system and the policy-related parameters. We provide graphical presentations of the optimal solutions for various budget situations. As a case study, a subset of California’s highway system is analyzed. The case study results demonstrate the economic benefit of a combined rehabilitation and reconstruction budget compared to separate budgets.     

基于克里金模型的潜水器耐压舱结构优化

本文研究Kriging建模和序贯加点相结合的方法,用于解决目标函数或者约束函数无法显式表达下的优化问题。在加点准则中为了避免出现龙格现象,改进了加点优化时步长要求,在优化过程中融入多种群遗传算法提高了序贯加点值的计算准确性。计算结果表明,改进后的加点准则在存在多区域或者多个极值点的情况下均可快速搜索到最优点位置。建立了载人潜水器载人舱以重量为优化目标,以强度要求为约束的球壳厚度优化模型,采用此方法在初始选取5个样本取样,序贯加点6个样本点,计算得到球壳的最优厚度值为50.5569 mm,可有效指导设计工作。     

Achieving sustainable development of supply chain by incorporating various carbon regulatory mechanisms

Nowadays, sustainability issues have received considerable attention in supply chain management because of the governmental requirements as well as expectations of the people. This paper introduces a novel supply chain network design problem to cover three dimensions of sustainability, namely economic, environmental, and social. The advantage of the presented model stems from considering the booming development aligned with reduction in environmental impact. In this paper, to achieve the mentioned benefits and to derive a more sustainable supply chain, a novel model in the presence of the most commonly used carbon policies is proposed. This paper, addresses sustainable development through imposing proper carbon regulatory mechanisms. Main contribution of this study is to consider the effect of imposing carbon policies on environmental advantages as well as improving the regional development level in a supply chain network design problem. Moreover, the shipment consolidation decisions are utilized to reduce cost as well as environmental impact. In addition, a novel mixed uncertainty approach is proposed to capture the uncertain emission parameters. The numerical examples and a case study are analyzed to evaluate the performance of the proposed models. It is concluded that, a high-growth economy with low-carbon can be made and also almost global well-being of people is ensured by applying the proposed model. Some managerial insights are provided for the enterprises of supply chains to make the most appropriate sustainable decisions. Finally, proper carbon emission policies are suggested based on the region sustainability characteristics.