直驱式容积控制电液伺服系统及其在船舶舵机上的应用

介绍了直驱式容积控制电液伺服系统的组成、特点,并结合船舶舵机的应用背景,研制出了船舶舵机用的直驱式容积控制电液伺服系统试验样机,并对系统进行了相关理论分析和试验研究.研究结果表明,直驱式容积控制电液伺服系统作为船舶舵机的动力装置,其性能指标能够达到舵机的执行标准.与传统的液压舵机的动力装置相比,这种新型的船舶舵机动力装置具有节能高效、操作与控制简单、小型集成化、可靠性高等诸多优点,是一种有广泛应用前景的船舶舵机操舵装置.     

Trace metals in water, sediments and marine organisms from the northern part of the Gulf of Suez, Red Sea

Concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were determined in water, sediments, gastropod (Bulla umpulla) and green algae (Ulva lactuca) collected from five stations in the western side of the northern part of the Gulf of Suez during the period February 1993–January 1994. Sediments recorded the highest concentrations of Cd (2.26–4.40 μg/g) and Pb (13.90–28.34 μg/g), While the highest concentrations of the essential metals Cu and Zn were found in B. umpulla (28.19–72.04 and 60.24–108.74 μg/g, respectively). Water and sediments showed similar spatial distribution patterns for the highest mean values of the different metals. Highest values of the studied metals were found at stations influenced by various pollution sources such as harbours, and sewage and industrial drains. In contrast, the lowest concentrations were observed faraway from any pollution source. Calculations of concentration factors (C.F.) for gastropod and algae showed highest C.F. of Cd (4312.5–8705.9) and Pb (2103.3–8317.9) in algae, and highest C.F. of Cu (5288.9–42376.5) and Zn (3686.7–9631.5) in gastropod.     

Long-term changes of inorganic nutrients in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy)

The paper aims at investigating the trends of the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorous in the Lagoon of Venice, Italy, in the last 35 years. The trend analysis of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and reactive phosphorus (RP) yielded rather different results. The decrease in ammonia nitrogen concentration, in particular, in the basin influenced by severe industrial discharges, is accurately described by a negative exponential model. The nitrate concentration did not show significant interannual trends, while wide seasonal variations have been detected. Reactive phosphorus concentration increased until the end of the 1970s at the stations close to the industrial area as well as in those influenced by river discharges and by sewages of the city of Venice. The sudden decrease that followed was most likely related with environmental policies, namely the improvement of wastewater purification treatments and the regulation of phosphorus use in detergents.     

A pseudofield model approach to simulate compartment-fire phenomena for marine fire safety design

In order to prevent the spread of marine compartment fires, it is necessary to understand the governing factors or characteristics of fire-spread phenomena. We present a pseudofield model approach to this problem. We first described a field model of turbulent heat convection based on a standard k – turbulence model. Two-dimensional numerical simulations of a two-linked compartment fire were carried out in order to predict the turbulent convection flow induced by the heat released from the fire. Then a more complicated fire-spread problem of multilinked compartment fires was analyzed by means of a zone model, in which the amounts of oxygen consumption and gas generation were solved by a gas-balance equations system. The effect of threshold conditions on fire propagation and the effect of the thickness of the heat insulation were investigated with numerical simulations.     

钢结构景观人行桥梁高和铺装对人致振动和阻尼器设计的影响

以上海临港顶新科学家公园环形景观人行桥为例,详细分析了人行桥行人舒适度评估和质量调谐阻尼器（TMD）的设计过程。在跨径、梁高、桥面附属等外部景观条件的约束下,针对人行桥主梁梁高和桥面铺装厚度两方面的业主要求,对TMD的合理布置、数量的优化做了研究。总结归纳了人行振动计算和TMD的设计经验。     

地铁高密度行车时救援组织优化

通过对广州地铁2号线历年发生的救援事件进行简要统计,得知故障源主要来自牵引控制系统,分析主要故障原因,以及救援组织中存在的主要问题,包括司机不熟悉车辆故障处理指南,调度发布救援命令不及时,现场信息沟通不畅等。结合地铁高密度行车阶段的特点,计算受到救援影响的列车数量并分析晚点情况。有针对性地提出救援组织优化方案,包括优化改造旁路开关;改造断电区;优化救援旅行速度,以减少列车增晚;优化救援路径,避免二次中断;优化救援组织流程,提高效率,尝试"裸车"动车等,并将优化措施应用于广州地铁6号线,取得很好的效果。     

基坑工程监测项目初始值采集时间研究

基于多个基坑工程监测实例,通过对不同的施工阶段监测数据变化量与现行规范规定的控制值进行对比,分析不同的监测项目初始值采集时间对监测结果的影响程度。总结出围护墙顶部水平位移、深层水平位移、钢筋混凝土支撑内力、周边建筑竖向位移等监测项目合理的初始值采集时间,为基坑工程监测结果的科学性、监测评价的准确性奠定基础。     

高速铁路进站节能坡设计方法研究

在线路纵断面的设计中引入节能坡设计理念,对优化线路纵断面设计、降低牵引能耗值和节省运营支出具有重要意义。根据高速铁路的特点,提出高速铁路进站节能坡的设计方法和计算算法,给出计算流程,确定各影响参数的约束条件。开发进站节能坡设计程序模块,实现多参数化的进站节能坡设计。在此基础上,采用计算机仿真分析方法,对车站坡段坡度、车站中心至节能坡变坡点距离、动车组编组质量、进站制动力使用系数、节能坡进入初始速度5个主要影响因素进行计算和仿真分析,确定各因素对进站节能坡的影响程度,为进站节能坡的设计提供参考和依据。     

隧道掌子面施工风管布设方式对稀释瓦斯效果影响研究

以成贵铁路白杨林隧道为研究对象,对瓦斯隧道施工压入式通风效果进行分析,利用CFD流体动力学软件,建立模型并进行数值模拟计算,得到不同风管出口距掌子面距离下,隧道内风速流场和瓦斯浓度的分布规律,并与现场测试数据进行对比,优化流场分布,减少瓦斯在掌子面附近积聚的现象。计算结果表明:一定风速条件下,风管末端距掌子面距离直接影响施工通风效果和掌子面瓦斯浓度分布。风管末端距离掌子面越大,稀释瓦斯效果越差,掌子面瓦斯积聚现象越严重。单侧风管通风情况下,掌子面瓦斯稳定浓度为0.07%,瓦斯浓度随风管末端距掌子面的增加而升高。根据白杨林隧道瓦斯溢出和施工通风情况,得出其风管末端距掌子面距离为13m可使瓦斯不形成聚集,保证施工安全。     

有砟轨道动刚度特性研究

为充分了解轨道动力特性,对有砟轨道动刚度展开研究。通过建立有砟轨道力学模型,分析0~2 000 Hz范围内轨道动刚度的振动特性,得出:轨道动刚度相对于轨道静刚度是随激振频率变化的,轨道动刚度在低频段受激振频率变化影响较小,在中、高频段内轨道动刚度振动幅值随激振频率变化而变化,是系统的固有特性,需通过对构件刚度、阻尼等参数调节。阻尼系数对轨道动刚度的幅值有影响,但不改变轨道的共振频率。质量阻尼系数对轨道动刚度波动范围及幅值的影响小于刚度阻尼系数的影响。阻尼系数增大,轨道动刚度波动幅值增大。