客运专线路基褥垫层施工技术

本文主要介绍哈尔滨至大连铁路客运专线褥垫层施工工艺。     

用于预测含层间间隙缺陷柔性立管的静水压溃强度的弹性支撑拱结构模型

  目的  随着油气勘探涉入超深水领域,一旦柔性立管的外层结构发生破损,其内部的骨架层将承载巨大的外部水压。如果骨架层与铠甲层之间存在层间间隙,则将削弱骨架层的压溃强度,进而引发所谓的湿压溃。  方法  针对该问题,提出一种弹性支撑拱结构模型,并将骨架层的湿压溃过程分为接触前与接触后2个阶段。在接触之前,采用单环结构的稳定性理论分析内骨架层的失稳行为;当层间间隙闭合之后,骨架层开始受到铠甲层的支撑,该结构进入接触后阶段,此时外部铠甲层可以简化为径向支撑弹簧,用于支撑内部骨架层的分离拱状部分。基于此,建立有限元压溃模型,用以验证该解析模型的可靠性。  结果  2类模型的预测结果吻合良好,压溃压强对铠甲层刚度和间隙宽度均非常敏感;当初始层间间隙宽度由0增加至0.5 mm时,柔性立管的压溃压强将降低18%左右;如果紧密拟合的骨架由更硬的铠甲层支撑,则将大幅提高其抗压溃强度。  结论  对于具有较硬铠甲层和较小层间间隙的柔性立管而言,该解析模型可以有效预测其静水压溃强度。     

应力吸收层在地下道路复合式路面结构中的应用研究

该文结合橡胶沥青应力吸收层在地下道路复合式路面结构中的应用。应用BISAR分析软件分析应力吸收层模量及厚度对层间最大剪应力的影响,随着应力吸收层厚度的增加,层间剪应力减小,层间剪应力随着应力吸收层回弹模量的增加而增大。同时结合实体工程介绍了了橡胶沥青应力吸收层的施工工艺及质量控制指标与方法,可供类似工程参考。     

淤泥质海岸波致液化及航道骤淤问题初步研究

研究波浪与淤泥海床相互作用导致的海床液化、体积冲刷和高浓度近底悬沙的层移输运问题。采用de Wit提出的液化判别条件及计算方法,结合连云港近岸波浪和淤泥力学特征,计算不同来波条件下淤泥质海床的液化深度;进一步考虑浑水中含沙量对流速的折减影响,计算液化层运移速度分布。计算结果表明,大浪条件下,淤泥质海床可能有较大的液化深度,但层移厚度不大。由于层移含沙量较高,在近底水流驱动下仍能形成较大的输沙率和一定规模的大风天航道骤淤。有关研究成果为海床稳定性分析和输沙计算提供了新的思路和方法。     

桥面防水粘结层施工质量控制

结合武汉市珞狮南路高架桥防水粘结层施工经验,介绍了防水粘结层的相关技术指标,从原材料选择、桥面板处理、施工工艺等方面对防水粘结层施工质量控制要点进行了总结,为同类项目提供有益参考。     

Initial results from long-term measurements of atmospheric humidity and related parameters in the marine boundary layer at two locations in the Gulf of Mexico

Measurements of boundary layer moisture have been acquired from Rotronic MP-100 sensors deployed on two NDBC buoys in the northern Gulf of Mexico from June through November 1993. For one sensor, which was retrieved approximately 8 months after deployment, the post- and precalibrations agreed closely and fell well within WMO specifications for accuracy. The second sensor operated continuously from June 1993 to February 1997 (3.5 years). Buoy observations of relative humidity and supporting data were used to calculate specific humidity and the surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat. Specific humidities from the buoys were compared with observations of moisture obtained from nearby ship reports, and the correlations were generally high (0.7–0.9). Surface gravity wave spectra were also acquired. The time series of specific humidity and the other buoy parameters revealed three primary scales of variability, small (h), synoptic (days), and seasonal (months). The synoptic variability was clearly dominant and occurred primarily during September, October, and November. Most of the synoptic variability was due to frontal systems that dropped down into the Gulf of Mexico from the continental US followed by air masses which were cold and dry. Cross-correlation analyses of the buoy data indicated that: (1) the moisture field was highly coherent over distances of 800 km or more in the northern Gulf of Mexico; and (2) both specific humidity and air temperature served as tracers of the motion associated with propagating atmospheric disturbances. These correlation analyses also revealed that the prevailing weather systems generally entered the buoy domain from the South prior to September, but primarily from the North thereafter. Spectra of the various buoy parameters indicated strong diurnal and semidiurnal variability for barometric pressure and sea surface temperature (SST) and lesser variability for air temperature, wind speed and significant wave height. The surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat were dominated by the synoptic events which took place from September through November with the transfer of latent heat being primarily from the ocean to the atmosphere. Finally, an analysis of the surface wave observations from each buoy, which included calculations of wave age and estimates of surface roughness, indicate that major heat and moisture flux events coincide with periods of active wave growth, although the data were insufficient to identify any causal relationships.     

桥面铺装防水粘结层材料类型的选择

文章针对沥青混凝土桥面铺装结构的防水粘结层性能受到桥梁类型、荷载条件和工作环境等因素影响而难于选择的问题,对各类桥面铺装防水粘结层的使用条件和结构性能进行了研究,分析了各种结构性胶黏剂的物理性质和化学性质及工艺条件,据此制定了桥面铺装防水粘结材料的选择依据,并提出了一种性能较好的粘结剂典型配方。     

一种准零刚度隔振器的特性分析与实验研究

  目的  研究准零刚度隔振器各系统参数对隔振性能的影响,可为其应用于隔振系统提供攻关方向。  方法  以线性隔振、准零刚度隔振组成的双层隔振系统和两自由度等效线性隔振系统为对象,分别建立动力学模型;采用平均法推导谐波力激励条件下2个系统的功率流传递率,证明前者比后者有更好的隔振性能,并提出增强双层隔振系统隔振效果的方法。  结果  研究表明,双层隔振系统第2阶共振频率对应的功率流传递率最大值小于1,意味着其在第2阶共振频率附近范围内仍具有隔振效果,从而克服了两自由度线性隔振系统的缺点。  结论  双层隔振系统可通过适当减小阻尼比、质量比和刚度比来提高其隔振性能,且比等效线性隔振系统的低频隔振性能更好。     

国外潜艇声隐身前沿技术发展综述

  目的  针对单一腔型声学覆盖层低频隔声性能和耐压性能较差的特点,使用COMSOL有限元软件计算组合空腔结构声学覆盖层的声学性能和在静水压力下的变形量。  方法  将COMSOL软件仿真结果与前人的实验值进行对比,以验证采用COMSOL软件计算声学覆盖层隔声量和吸声系数的有效性,并研究组合空腔几何尺寸和小孔结构对声学覆盖层的隔声、吸声和耐压性能的影响。  结果  结果表明：声学覆盖层的空腔体积越大,低频段的隔声性能越好,中、高频段的吸声性能变差, 相邻空腔之间的距离增大会降低低频段的隔声量;空腔对耐压性能的影响在于其体积占比越大,耐压性能越差; 在组合空腔四周布置一定数量的圆柱小孔会提高声学覆盖层低频段的隔声和吸声性能,并使峰值频率向低频移动。  结论  因此,组合空腔中几何尺寸的选取需考虑低频隔声性能与耐压性能之间的平衡,在组合空腔四周布置圆柱小孔也能改善声学覆盖层的低频声学性能。     

道路结构层合并对计算结果的影响

Abaqus可用来模拟分析道路工程中的很多问题。当道路实际结构层层数很多时,可在计算中对材料特性相似的结构层进行合并,这不仅可简化建模过程,且可降低计算机计算成本。通过对道路实际结构层模型和合并结构层模型的计算结果进行对比分析,确定结构层合并对计算结果的影响。结果表明: 在计算路表弯沉时可以用合并层模型替代实际层模型,计算应力、应变时则不可。