夹层结构模型假设对振动和声传输特性影响研究

不同模型假定下夹层结构的声振特性各不相同。基于Reissner模型和Zig-Zag模型位移场假设,分别建立了两种复合材料夹层板有限元动力单元模型,并通过推导的模型编制了计算程序,采用子空间迭代法求得了其固有频率和固有振型,采用混响声场声传输理论计算了传声损失,并对夹层板的动力特性和声传输特性进行了数值模拟研究,同时还考虑了夹层结构面板与芯板的厚度比和弹性模量比不同时各种模型的适用范围。     

A generic class of first order node models for dynamic macroscopic simulation of traffic flows

Node models for macroscopic simulation have attracted relatively little attention in the literature. Nevertheless, in dynamic network loading (DNL) models for congested road networks, node models are as important as the extensively studied link models. This paper provides an overview of macroscopic node models found in the literature, explaining both their contributions and shortcomings. A formulation defining a generic class of first order macroscopic node models is presented, satisfying a list of requirements necessary to produce node models with realistic, consistent results. Defining a specific node model instance of this class requires the specification of a supply constraint interaction rule and (optionally) node supply constraints. Following this theoretical discussion, specific macroscopic node model instances for unsignalized and signalized intersections are proposed. These models apply an oriented capacity proportional distribution of the available supply over the incoming links of a node. A computationally efficient algorithm to solve the node models exactly is included.     

A shockwave profile model for traffic flow on congested urban arterials

In this paper a new traffic flow model for congested arterial networks, named shockwave profile model (SPM), is presented. Taking advantage of the fact that traffic states within a congested link can be simplified as free-flow, saturated, and jammed conditions, SPM simulates traffic dynamics by analytically deriving the trajectories of four major shockwaves: queuing, discharge, departure, and compression waves. Unlike conventional macroscopic models, in which space is often discretized into small cells for numerical solutions, SPM treats each homogeneous road segment with constant capacity as a section; and the queuing dynamics within each section are described by tracing the shockwave fronts. SPM is particularly suitable for simulating traffic flow on congested signalized arterials especially with queue spillover problems, where the steady-state periodic pattern of queue build-up and dissipation process may break down. Depending on when and where spillover occurs along a signalized arterial, a large number of queuing patterns may be possible. Therefore it becomes difficult to apply the conventional approach directly to track shockwave fronts. To overcome this difficulty, a novel approach is proposed as part of the SPM, in which queue spillover is treated as either extending a red phase or creating new smaller cycles, so that the analytical solutions for tracing the shockwave fronts can be easily applied. Since only the essential features of arterial traffic flow, i.e., queue build-up and dissipation, are considered, SPM significantly reduces the computational load and improves the numerical efficiency. We further validated SPM using real-world traffic signal data collected from a major arterial in the Twin Cities. The results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the model. We expect that in the future this model can be applied in a number of real-time applications such as arterial performance prediction and signal optimization.     

The multinomial logit model revisited: A semi-parametric approach in discrete choice analysis

The multinomial logit model in discrete choice analysis is widely used in transport research. It has long been known that the Gumbel distribution forms the basis of the multinomial logit model. Although the Gumbel distribution is a good approximation in some applications such as route choice problems, it is chosen mainly for mathematical convenience. This can be restrictive in many other scenarios in practice. In this paper we show that the assumption of the Gumbel distribution can be substantially relaxed to include a large class of distributions that is stable with respect to the minimum operation. The distributions in the class allow heteroscedastic variances. We then seek a transformation that stabilizes the heteroscedastic variances. We show that this leads to a semi-parametric choice model which links the linear combination of travel-related attributes to the choice probabilities via an unknown sensitivity function. This sensitivity function reflects the degree of travelers’ sensitivity to the changes in the combined travel cost. The estimation of the semi-parametric choice model is also investigated and empirical studies are used to illustrate the developed method.     

Capacity drops at merges: An endogenous model

The Newell-Daganzo merge model is not only very simple but also accurately reproduces experimental findings. However, the capacity downstream of the merge is an exogenous variable in the model. This is a serious limitation for merges that behave as active bottlenecks because their downstream capacity is a direct consequence of the merging behavior. This paper proposes an analytical model that extends the Newell-Daganzo model by incorporating, endogenously, the capacity drop related to the merging process. Two cases are investigated depending on the traffic states on the on-ramp. The model properties are analyzed and a sensitivity analysis is performed to quantify the relative contribution of the each parameter in the capacity drop. Finally, the extended Newell-Daganzo model is validated with experimental data coming from an active merge bottleneck on the M6 freeway in UK.     

运用灰色理论预测隧道变形的探讨

隧道变形监测对于隧道的安全有着重要的作用.运用灰色理论GM模型对其变形数据进行预测分析,发现灰色理论对隧道的变形有一定的预测效果,同时了解到不同样本数据其预测精度存在差异.为此,提出使用二次拟合参数法对其进行改进,得出二次拟合参数法对低精度的预测模型有一定的改进效果,而对于较高精度的预测模型效果并不显著.     

视角受限传感器网络强栅栏覆盖判定算法

栅栏覆盖研究如何分配网络时空资源来确保移动目标穿越监控区域时被监测．本文通过视角受限节点传感方向的调整,设计一种分布式算法以判定网络能否提供强栅栏覆盖．算法主要思想是利用节点及邻居节点的物理位置关系构建强／弱栅栏对．另外,本文设计贪心策略优先选择邻居节点数多的候选节点构建强栅栏路径．仿真实验证明：本算法可以较小代价判定并改善网络强栅栏覆盖性能．     

基于MATLAB及参数化建模的起重机桁架式臂架结构优化设计

针对起重机桁架式臂架结构设计计算,运用MATLAB优化工具箱,分别采用了遗传算法和fmincon优化函数对其结构的目标函数和约束条件进行优化处理,研究了结构的强度、刚度、总体稳定性、局部稳定性等静态特性,并对优化后的结果与优化之前的数值进行对比分析,并通过在ANSYS中利用APDL语言参数化建模直观地观察出两者之间的差别以及这种优化设计的优越性.     

混合动力汽车动力系统控制策略试验分析

介绍了一种混合动力客车动力系统的结构组成,阐述了该混合动力系统的各种工作模式、整车控制系统组成及控制策略,并通过其相关试验测试了数据信息。最后以该车能量消耗量试验过程数据为基础,分析了整车能耗状况、发动机工作区域及机械自动变速器与电机协调换挡控制策略。     

模拟退火算法在供应链生产调度中的应用

研究一个简单供应链中的生产调度问题,目的是找到一个合理生产排序使得单位时间的成本最小,建立该问题的单目标非线性规划模型。运用模拟退火算法,结合邻域搜索进行求解,最后举例验证算法的有效性。