粗集料针片状颗粒含量对沥青混合料性能的影响

从集料的加工特性来分析针片状颗粒产生的原因,以及针片状颗粒含量对沥青混合料在施工和使用过程中的影响,主要从集料压碎值、沥青混合料抗剪强度、高温稳定性、水稳定性等几个方面进行研究。结果表明,针片状颗粒含量对混合料性能的影响比较大,针片状颗粒容易断裂、混合料不容易压实、骨架结构的抗车辙能力下降、水稳性下降,因此应该严格控制针片状颗粒的含量。     

基于路网可达性的城市交通离散网络设计模型及算法

根据城市交通路网分区理论,把分成的子区看成一个节点,考虑所有节点的可达性,以此度量整个路网的可达性,设计了基于路网可达性最大为目标的城市交通离散网络设计模型。采用粒子群算法,并给出一个简单的算例,算例表明,合理的添加路段,能使城市路网可达性达到最大。     

基于文化粒子群网络优化算法的医学图像研究

文章提出了基于文化粒子群的网络优化算法的医学图像方法，通过在50例唇裂矫正术中运用BP神经网络进行学习．对唇部进行解剖观察和美学分析，在矫正修复手术中不断学习和调整来接近期望输出，并通过实验仿真及客观的图像提出了评估准则。实验结果表明，在美学研究基础上的基于文化粒子群BP神经网络的医学图像研究，适用于唇裂的矫正修复。     

Continuous approximation for skip-stop operation in rail transit

Operating speed of a transit corridor is a key characteristic and has many consequences on its performance. It is generally accepted that an increased operating speed for a given fleet leads to reduced operating costs (per kilometer), travel and waiting times (three changes that can be computed precisely), an improved comfort and level of service, which can attract new passengers who are diverted from automobile (items harder to estimate precisely). That is why several operation schemes which aim to increase the operating speed are studied in the literature, such as deadheading, express services, and stop skipping.A novel category of solutions to this problem for one-way single-track rail transit is to perform accelerated transit operations with fixed stopping schedules. The concept is quite simple: as the time required for stopping at each station is an important part of travel time, reducing it would be a great achievement. Particular operations that take advantage of this idea already exist. This paper focuses on one of them: the skip-stop operation for rail transit lines using a single one-way track. It consists in defining three types of stations: AB stations where all the trains stop, and A and B stations where only half of the trains stop (stations type A and B are allocated interchangeably). This mode of operation is already described in the literature (Vuchic, 1973, Vuchic, 1976, Vuchic, 2005) and has been successfully implemented in the Metro system of Santiago, Chile.This work tackles the problem with a continuous approximation approach. The problem is described with a set of geographically dependent continuous parameters like the density of stations for a given line. Cost functions are built for a traditional (all-stop) operation and for skip-stop operation as described above. A simple example is presented to support this discussion. Finally, a discussion about the type of scenarios in which skip-stop operations are more beneficial is presented.     

Use of a probabilistic particle tracking model to simulate the Prestige oil spill

A probabilistic particle tracking model is used to simulate the oil dispersion after the Prestige wreckage. This oil spill constitutes a suitable benchmark to analyze the capabilities of a probabilistic model, since the time elapsed from wreckage to oil landing (12 days) is much longer than the reliability time associated with forecast winds, usually on the order of 3–4 days. The particle model can be run in two different modes: real time mode (when existing reliable wind fields for the event under scope) and in probabilistic mode (in absence of reliable wind fields but with historical fields corresponding to a similar period). The validity of the particle model is first evaluated in a hindcast way, running the Prestige case with the wind fields corresponding to the period November 19 to November 30, 2002, which were not available at the moment of the wreckage. Calculations show the accuracy of the model to provide the right impact point and timing. The probabilistic model is then used to simulate the same event by means of historical data. The region where the oil landed is shown to be the area with the highest probability to be impacted.     

光滑质点流体动力学(SPH)及其算法特性

基于Lagrange观点的无网格方法计算是建立在一群可移动的自适应性的质点基础之上,对特大变形区域和自由表面的捕捉有着较高的精度.光滑质点流体动力学(SPH)是无网格方法的一种,本文阐述其理论基础和计算方法,主要包括:SPH的基本概念、核近似和粒子近似的基本原理,核函数的构造方法、SPH形式的流体运动方程、边界处理方法和数值算例等多方面内容.研究工作在了解SPH方法的理论特点和潜在优势的同时,也为相关问题的深入研究和改进奠定了理论和算法基础.     

高液限土在路堤填筑中的改良应用

综合处理应用高液限土进行公路建设,可以避免过大的增加工程造价及保证路基的强度和稳定性,结合广西等地区在这方面的实践情况,介绍了利用隔离排水、掺粗粒土、土石混填等方法综合改良高液限土进行路基填筑的经验,分析探讨其可行性,为今后相似情况下的设计或施工提供一定的借鉴。     

Improvement of the second order approximation of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics

The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), as a fully Lagrangian particle method, has been successfully applied to astrophysical problems and extended to elastic dynamics and computational fluid dynamics.High order derivatives have to be approximated when elastic dynamics problems are modeled. However, the approximation errors in SPH could lead to computational failure in the case that the order of derivative is high.A novel method was proposed in order to improve the accuracy of SPH method, which shows the relationship between the selected functions and their SPH approximations. The entire involved system was represented by a finite number of particles that carry individual mass and occupy individual space, and the integral interpolation was approximated by a summation interpolation. In addition, error comparison was made between SPH method with and without the present improvement.     

最小二乘支持向量机-粒子群算法在地下厂房围岩参数反分析中的应用

为准确确定地下厂房围岩的弹性模量、泊松比、黏聚力、内摩擦角、侧压力系数等参数,以正交设计、最小二乘支持向量机和粒子群算法等现代数学方法为基本手段,建立基于位移增量的围岩参数反分析方法。以CCS水电站大型地下厂房为研究背景,通过工程地质条件研究选取8#机组剖面作为分析对象,采用二维弹塑性有限元方法建立地质结构分析模型。以地下厂房洞室群分层开挖多点位移计实测位移增量为依据,对CCS水电站地下厂房区域围岩力学特性及地应力场特征进行反分析。研究结果表明： 主厂房第Ⅵ层与第Ⅰ层开挖和主变室第4层与第1层开挖所产生的位移增量计算值与多点位移计实测值吻合较好,最大相对误差小于10%,说明采用最小二乘支持向量机和粒子群算法相结合的反分析方法在工程上是可行的,且效果较为显著。     

矩阵方程AX=B的自反解与反自反解及最佳逼近

给定两个广义反射矩阵P,Q,通常对于矩阵方程AX=B关于P,Q的自反解和反自反解的研究大多是通过矩阵分解或广义奇异值分解来进行的。采用广义逆,建立该方程存在自反解和反自反解的充要条件以及解的一般表达式,并研究与之相关的矩阵最佳逼近问题。