风加速Ⅱ型混凝土梁碳化试验研究

已有工程检测、理论分析和试验研究表明，风对混凝土碳化的加速作用是客观存在的，进而导致混凝土构件截面耐久性不等。铁路公路桥梁等混凝土保护层直接外露的结构，其碳化受风影响的程度更为明显，研究不同形状桥梁梁体的不同部位混凝土受风影响的碳化情况具有较大的现实意义。本文进行了风加速Ⅱ型混凝土梁的碳化试验，对试验结果进行了分析总结，并采用试验数据对理论模型的计算结果进行了检验。考虑风对混凝土碳化的加速作用对混凝土结构的等耐久性设计具有重要意义。     

舰船移动通信中的平滑调频（TFM）技术

本文根据对平滑调频信号相位路径的要求，分析了预调滤波器应具有的特性，介绍了实现ＴＦＭ调制的工作原理，并设计了用正交调制法实现ＴＦＭ调制的电路框图，并给出了ＴＦＭ信号的频谱特性。     

基波串联谐振式混合有源滤波器的研究

主要研究一种基波串联谐振式混合有源滤波器.首先介绍其拓扑结构及主要特点;接着讨论其采用检测电网电流型控制策略时的工作原理,基本思想是通过适当控制有源部分来等效增大电网支路的谐波阻抗;最后从抑制电网阻抗与无源滤波器之间的串联和并联谐振、改善无源滤波器的滤波效果以及提高整个系统的鲁棒性这3个方面详尽分析了该滤波器的稳态补偿特性.     

被动信号优先策略下现代有轨电车站间协调能耗优化

为了降低半独立路权现代有轨电车线路运行的能耗,基于现代有轨电车系统的运行特性和线路特征,提出了半独立路权现代有轨电车线路的区段划分方法;并结合现代有轨电车列车运行模式,推算出了单区段现代有轨电车能耗优化速度曲线。在沿线交叉口已经考虑被动信号优先配时策略的基础上,以区段运行时间、距离、限速及交叉口信号状态等为约束条件,建立了基于站间协调控制的现代有轨电车全线能耗优化模型。选取国内某城市实际现代有轨电车线路为例,对比分析仿真速度曲线与模型求解速度曲线,结果显示该能耗优化速度曲线能有效降低现代有轨电车运行能耗。     

基于A-INS组合导航的现代有轨电车轨道几何状态快速精密测量

铁路轨道是现代有轨电车运行的基础,其几何状态对于车辆的运行安全、行车速度、平稳舒适性起着决定性的作用。传统轻型轨道几何状态测量仪(轨检小车)以高精度全站仪为核心测量设备来检测轨道几何平顺性,测量效率低,难以满足线路维护的需求。提出基于带有辅助信息的惯性导航系统(A-INS),通过获取轨道的高精度三维坐标和姿态的方法,来实现有轨电车轨道几何平顺性的快速检测与准确评估。在武汉现代有轨电车轨道几何不平顺测量应用结果表明,轨向不平顺和高低不平顺重复测量误差小于0.2 mm,超高和轨距偏差的重复测量误差小于0.2 mm。实测结果说明:基于A-INS组合导航的轨道几何状态测量系统,可以满足现代有轨电车轨道不平顺检测的精度要求。     

液压挖掘机液压系统清洁度的控制

液压系统是液压挖掘机的一个重要组成部分,保持液压系统的清洁度可以降低机器发生故障而停机的几率.主要介绍了通过控制污染物的生成,减少残留污染物和正确选用与合理使用滤油器等方法来控制液压系统的清洁度.     

Wave data assimilation with the Kalman filter

A new data assimilation method for ocean waves is presented, based on an efficient low-rank approximation to the Kalman filter. Both the extended Kalman filter and a truncated second-order filter are implemented. In order to explicitly estimate past wind corrections based on current wave measurements, the filter is extended to a fixed-lag Kalman smoother for the wind fields. The filter is tested in a number of synthetic experiments with simple geometries. Propagation experiments with errors in the boundary condition showed that the KF was able to accurately propagate forecast errors, resulting in spatially varying error correlations, which would be impossible to model with time-independent assimilation methods like OI. An explicit comparison with an OI assimilation scheme showed that the KF also is superior in estimating the sea state at some distance from the observations. In experiments with errors in the driving wind, the modeled error estimates were also in agreement with the actual forecast errors. The bias in the state estimate, which is introduced through the nonlinear dependence of the waves on the driving wind field, was largely removed by the second-order filter, even without actually assimilating data. Assimilation of wave observations resulted in an improved wave analysis and in correction of past wind fields. The accuracy of this wind correction depends strongly on the actual place and time of wave generation, which is correctly modeled by the error estimate supplied by the Kalman filter. In summary, the KF approach is shown to be a reliable assimilation scheme in these simple experiments, and has the advantage over other assimilation methods that it supplies explicit dynamical error estimates.     

Assimilation of altimetric data in the mid-latitude oceans using the Singular Evolutive Extended Kalman filter with an eddy-resolving, primitive equation model

A new data assimilation scheme has been elaborated for ocean circulation models based on the concept of an evolutive, reduced-order Kalman filter. The dimension of the assimilation problem is reduced by expressing the initial error covariance matrix as a truncated series of orthogonal perturbations. This error sub-space evolves during the assimilation so as to capture the growing modes of the estimation error. The algorithm has been formulated in quite a general fashion to make it tractable with a large variety of ocean models and measurement types. In the present paper, we have examined three possible strategies to compute the evolution of the error subspace in the so-called Singular Evolutive Extended Kalman (SEEK) filter: the steady filter considers a time-independent error sub-space, the apprentice filter progressively enriches the error sub-space with the information learned from the innovation vector after each analysis step, and the dynamical filter updates the error sub-space according to the model dynamics. The SEEK filter has been implemented to assimilate synthetic observations of the surface topography in a non-linear, primitive equation model that uses density as vertical coordinate. A simplified box configuration has been adopted to simulate a Gulf Stream-like current and its associated eddies and gyres with a resolution of 20 km in the horizontal, and 4 levels in the vertical. The concept of twin experiments is used to demonstrate that the conventional SEEK filter must be complemented by a learning mechanism in order to model the misrepresented tail of the error covariance matrix. An approach based on the vertical physics of the isopycnal model, is shown particularly robust to control the velocity field in deep layers with surface observations only. The cost of the method makes it a suitable candidate for large-size assimilation problems and operational applications.     

利用DOA和TOA对运动辐射源的单舰无源定位

采用最优加权最小二乘估计和卡尔曼滤波算法,讨论了利用目标到达角和到达时间测量数据对运动目标进行单舰无源定位与跟踪的方法,经计算机仿真证明,该方法在无源定位系统中有一定的参考价值。     

应用冲击响应谱分析汽车被动安全性试验中的冲击信号

冲击响应谱，一般可定义为单自由度系统对于不同阻尼系数及固有频率的峰值响应。本文应用冲击响应谱的方法，对汽车被动安全性试验研究的冲击信号进行了分析，并对联合国欧洲经济委员会（ＥＣＥ）法规进行了探讨和研究。还提出了一种从响应域研究冲击信号的方法。